Myths and Realities: How Different Forms of Superstitious Beliefs Create Good and Bad Luck for People in Pakistan through an Anthropological Lens

The present research explores various forms of superstitious beliefs that are commonly practiced, despite being inconsistent with rational thought and known laws of nature. These beliefs are often followed by individuals in their daily routines, in the hope of attracting good luck and avoiding bad luck. The study was conducted in the Lal Qala District of Dir Lower, Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data was collected from 23 participants using purposive sampling, through in-depth interviews and participant observation. A qualitative approach was employed, and primary information was supplemented with empirical data to analyze the different forms of superstitious beliefs and their underlying themes. Thematic analysis revealed that various superstitious beliefs, such as stepping below a ladder, encountering cat with black color passing one's path, considering specific dates like the 13th of March as unlucky, and beliefs related to weddings and colors, are widely practiced to either attract or avoid future occurrences of good or bad luck. However, it is suggested that eliminating these superstitious beliefs from society can be achieved through proper religious training, the spread of education, the dissemination of positive and scientific knowledge, and the constructive role of media.