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Testing Convergence: A Panel Data Approach

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  • Guillaume Gaulier
  • Christophe Hurlin
  • Philippe Jean-Pierre

Abstract

This paper briefly presents new empirical tests of the convergence hypothesis based on panel data. We apply a modified Evans and Karras [1996] testing procedure to three samples (Europe, OECD and World). We propose a nested tests procedure to characterize various convergence processes: absolute or conditional, with or without a common speed of convergence. In the conditional convergence context, we are particularly concerned with the information included in individual effects. We find evidence supporting the existence of an absolute and common convergence process for per capita GDP in the European Union sample (1960-1990). As concerns the OECD sample, structural disparities imply only a conditional convergence process occurring at country-specific speeds. For our World sample (86 countries) there is no convergence process at all. For OECD countries, a first study of fixed effects is proposed. It shows that only the private and public investment ratios are significantly linked to those unobservable structural disparities.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillaume Gaulier & Christophe Hurlin & Philippe Jean-Pierre, 1999. "Testing Convergence: A Panel Data Approach," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 55-56, pages 411-427.
    • Handle: RePEc:adr:anecst:y:1999:i:55-56:p:411-427
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    1. Guetat, Imene & Serranito, Francisco, 2007. "Income convergence within the MENA countries: A panel unit root approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 685-706, February.
    2. Desli, Evangelia & Gkoulgkoutsika, Alexandra, 2021. "Economic convergence among the world’s top-income economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 841-853.
    3. Théophile T. Azomahou & Jalal El Ouardighi & Phu Nguyen Van & Thi Kim Cuong Pham, 2006. "Estimation semi-paramétrique de la convergence des régions européennes," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(2), pages 97-110.
    4. Mustafa Gömleksiz & Ahmet Şahbaz & Birol Mercan, 2017. "Regional Economic Convergence in Turkey: Does the Government Really Matter for?," Economies, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Casto Martín Montero Kuscevic & Marco Antonio del Río Rivera, 2013. "Convergencia en Bolivia: un enfoque espacial con datos de panel dinámicos," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, August.
    6. Valérie Mignon & Christophe Hurlin, 2005. "Une synthèse des tests de racine unitaire sur données de panel," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 169(3), pages 253-294.
    7. Amjad Naveed & Nisar Ahmad, 2016. "Labour productivity convergence and structural changes: simultaneous analysis at country, regional and industry levels," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 5(1), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Lezheng Liu & Isabel Ruiz, 2006. "Convergence Hypothesis: Evidence from Panel Unit Root Test with Spatial Dependence," Revista Ecos de Economía, Universidad EAFIT, October.
    9. Miguel A. Juárez & Mark F. J. Steel, 2010. "Non‐gaussian dynamic bayesian modelling for panel data," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(7), pages 1128-1154, November/.
    10. Rodolfo Cermeño, 2002. "Growth convergence clubs: Evidence from Markov-switching models using panel data," 10th International Conference on Panel Data, Berlin, July 5-6, 2002 D5-3, International Conferences on Panel Data.
    11. Abdou-Aziz Niang, 2017. "Testing economic convergence in non-stationary panel," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 26(1), pages 135-156, March.
    12. Ikonomou, Constantinos, 2023. "Another View on Growth Matters: Investment, Capital, and Solow Residual," MPRA Paper 119003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Mihaela Simionescu, 2015. "The Impact Of Economic Crisis On Inflation Convergence In The European Union. A Panel Data Approach," Journal Articles, Center For Economic Analyses, pages 37-46, June.
    14. Niang, Abdou-Aziz & Pichery, Marie-Claude & Edjo, Marcellin, 2010. "Convergence test in the presence of structural changes: an empirical procedure based on panel data with cross-sectional dependence," MPRA Paper 23452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Holobiuc Ana-Maria & Mihai Bogdan, 2019. "Was Euro the magic wand for economic growth? An analysis of the real benefits of Euro adoption for the New Member States," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 13(1), pages 840-853, May.
    16. Marie-Eve Mulquin & Katja Senger, 2011. "Interregional transfers and economic convergence of regions," Serie Politique Economique 58, Université de Namur, Centre de Recherches en Economie Regionale et Politique Economique.
    17. Philippe Casin, 2003. "Une analyse structurelle de la σ-convergence. Application aux pays de la zone euro," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 159(3), pages 39-52.

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