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Deadly High Altitude Pulmonary Disorders: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS); High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): A Clinical Review

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Obrowski

    (Doctor of Medicine (M.D. – 2000); Assistant Professor of Anatomy; CEO, Chief Physician and Surgeon of Wilderness Physicians, European Union)

  • Stephanie Obrowski

    (Doctor of Medicine (M.D. – 2019); Medical University of Šódź; President of Wilderness Physicians, European Union)

Abstract

Mountain Sickness, also called High Altitude Sickness, is specifically a triad of different disorders, in order of increasing seriousness: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS); High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE). These three disorders, with relatively unimportant small variations seen in some Pulmonology Textbooks, because these are so serious, they are all potentially deadly pulmonary disorders and we will discuss these three major, deadly disorders. Each one, starting with AMS, can progress rapidly to HAPE and then HACE.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Obrowski & Stephanie Obrowski, 2016. "Deadly High Altitude Pulmonary Disorders: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS); High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): A Clinical Review," International Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Sciences, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 1(1), pages 6-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:ijoprs:v:1:y:2016:i:1:p:6-12
    DOI: 10.19080/IJOPRS.2016.01.555553
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