Challenges and Basic Principles of Implementation of Fair Energy Transition in the Context of Energy Security

The study addresses various aspects of the transition to sustainable and environmentally sound energy sources, as well as the implementation of inclusiveness and equity in this process..Aim. Identify the main conflicts that arise between countries in the process of designing measures for the transition to low- and carbon-free energy systems, and to identify opportunities and ways of realizing a fair energy transition, taking into account the interests of all actors in international relations and contributing to ensuring both global energy security and the security of each individual country.Methods. To solve the problems posed in the study, the author resorts to the use of such methods as statistical analysis, system and comparative analysis, scientific generalization and expert assessments.Results. There is a lack of a common position among the importing and exporting countries of hydrocarbons on the role and place of fossil fuels in the implementation of energy transition. Resource-dependent countries see energy transition as a way to ensure their energy security and equate it with economic growth and development. At the same time oil, gas, and coal exporters risk losing markets and a significant portion of their revenues by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy, that poses a threat both the economic development of the state and its ability to fulfil its functions in ensuring a decent standard of living for the population.Conclusions. A fair transition should be based on the principle of equitable, inclusive and fair international cooperation, tdking into account the national characteristics of countries, “technological neutrality†, it is necessary to pay attention to the social aspect of energy transition.