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Tax-Farming and Resource Allocation in Past Islamic Societies قبالة الخراج وتخصيص الموارد في المجتمعات الإسلامية الماضية

Author

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  • MURAT CIZAKCA

    (Associate Professor, Dept. of Economics Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey)

Abstract

Tax-farming as practiced in Medieval Egypt, Moghul India and the Ottoman empire is considered as a means of resource allocation in an interest-free economy. Material from Turkish archives is utilized to analyze how the system worked by giving signals to the state, in the form of the bids made by the tax-farmers, as to the relative profitability of the various sectors of the economy. In making these bids, the tax-farmers were guided by the expected rates of return in the relevant sectors. Changing profit expectations caused geographical and sectoral shifts of resources. The paper places the historical discussion into perspective by making a brief review of contemporary literature on resource allocation in a modern interest-free Islamic economy. It also notes some negative aspects of the practice of tax-farming. كانت قبالة الخراج والضرائب عموماً ( وفيها يتكلف شخص بجباية الخراج وإيراد نسبة منه أو مبلغ مقطوع إلى بيت المال)، تمارس في مصر في العصور الوسطى وفي الهند في العهد المغولي وفي الدولة العثمانية. وينظر البحث الحاضر إلى نظام القبالة كوسيلة لتخصيص الموارد في اقتصاد خال من الفائدة الربوية، وقد استخدم الباحث بيانات من السجلات التاريخية العثمانية لتحليل الكيفية التي يعمل بها هذا النظام، فالعطاءات التي يتقدم بها المتقبلون هي مؤشرات للدولة عن الربحية النسبية في القطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة، كما يسترشد المتقبلون، عندما يتقدمون بعطاءاتهم للدولة، بمعدلات الأرباح المتوقعة في تلك القطاعات. وقد أدى تغير توقعات الأرباح إلى تغير اتجاه الموارد وتحولها جغرافياً وقطاعياً. ويضع البحث الموضوع في إطار النقاش الجاري حالياً حول تخصيص الموارد في اقتصاد لاربوي إسلامي، كما يبين بعض الجوانب السلبية لنظام القبالة.

Suggested Citation

  • Murat Cizakca, 1989. "Tax-Farming and Resource Allocation in Past Islamic Societies قبالة الخراج وتخصيص الموارد في المجتمعات الإسلامية الماضية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 1(1), pages 59-80, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:1:y:1989:i:1:no:3:p:59-80
    DOI: 10.4197/islec.1-1.3
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Jin & Chunli Shen & Heng-fu Zou, 2012. "Fiscal Decentralization and Peasants' Financial Burden in China," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 13(1), pages 53-90, May.

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