Evaluating the sustainability and mechanical characteristics of concrete fabricated from waste porcelain tiles

In recent years, there has been a major improvement in the manufacturing of dependable concrete that can withstand applied stresses and has a long lifespan. Because of its availability and potential to lessen the impact on the environment, the manufacturing of concrete has moved towards the use of sustainable resources. Sustainability depends on maintaining the environment before natural resources are depleted and using energy efficiently. This study looks into how replacing the waste from porcelain tiles with coarse aggregate (CA) affects the mechanical properties of concrete, including its compression, flexural, and tensile splitting strengths, as well as its permeability (water absorption). It was compared to the traditional mix to achieve improved performance, conservation of resources, and a smaller carbon footprint. This was done by applying environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures. With a specific water-to-cement ratio, the percentages of porcelain tile waste that are replaced by CA are 25%, 35%, and 50%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the concrete made with 25% porcelain replacement has great workability, permeability, and mechanical properties, as well as the best environmental effect evaluation. Additionally, microstructural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology show a clear decrease in micro-cracks and porosity when concrete has high strength, good bonding, and sustainable behavior.