A conceptual framework of public health transformation to tackle chronic diseases and health challenges in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia struggles with rising non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in urban areas, due to socioeconomic and environmental factors. However, a comprehensive model addressing these issues and intervention strategies remains underexplored in existing literature. This research aims to propose an Urban Health Resilience Model (UHRM) outlining core components, key domains, and investigation and intervention strategies to mitigate the increasing burden of chronic and non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabian cities. The study also investigates various behavioral aspects and public awareness initiatives that impact healthier living. Research data from 348 urban patients in Saudi Arabia were collected via a structured survey questionnaire to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors on increasing NCDs. Through an extensive literature review and data analysis of chronic disease challenges, this study developed a conceptual framework for urban health resilience. The study proposed an Urban Health Resilience Model, which discussed core phases to enhance urban health through targeted investigation and intervention strategies, policy measures, and healthcare innovations. Findings suggest that public health campaigns and policy initiatives play a crucial role in reducing NCDs and improving quality of life. Strengthening urban health resilience through policy reforms, healthcare innovations, and public awareness programs is essential to reducing the burden of NCDs in Saudi Arabia’s metropolitan areas. The proposed framework supports Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) by advocating proactive interventions and initiatives to promote good health and well-being. It aims to reduce premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment. Additionally, it recommends measures to strengthen health coverage by ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare services.