Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Wind turbines (WTs) create electricity by utilizing the energy of the wind. As a result, wind turbine control and cost-effective operation were studied. The control system offers a long service life, maximum energy output, and safety. On control methods and control strategies, various ways for limiting and optimizing energy consumption were discussed. Integration of wind power may compromise the stability of the transient system. Asynchronous induction generators cannot handle the quantity of reactive power generated in wind energy applications. WTs are usually constructed to withstand inclement weather but not for high speeds or torque. Strong aerodynamic torques or rotational speeds are capable of destroying WT blades. To prevent this, WTs always have a cutout speed over which the turbine will be stopped by its brakes. When excessive wind speeds endanger the safety of the turbines, the WT employs a range of control techniques. As a result, all WTs are constructed using a power control method. This can regulate pitch and stall. Passive or active stall control can be applied to the WT. Therefore, this study analyzed the associated technologies, the maintenance of wind turbines, the cost, the many types of wind turbine controllers, and the negative effects and roadblocks unique to the wind energy industry.