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Finanzierung lokaler Infrastrukturmaßnahmen durch kostendeckende Tarife: Theoretische Analyse und empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel der Wasserversorgung im Jemen

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  • Schweitzer, Sylvia

Abstract

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den Versuch dar, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Finanzierung von lokalen Infrastrukturmaßnahmen durch kostendeckende Tarife aufzuzeigen, wobei sich der Fokus auf die Situation in den Entwicklungsländern richtet. Kostendeckende Tarife gewinnen für die Finanzierung von Infrastrukturmaßnahmen immer größere Bedeutung: Einerseits nimmt die Nachfrage nach Infrastrukturgütern im Zuge des hohen Bevölkerungswachstums und den mit fortschreitendem Wirtschaftswachstum steigenden Ansprüchen der Bevölkerung zu. Gleichzeitig steigen mit zunehmender Siedlungsdichte die Bereitstellungskosten von Infrastrukturgütern. Andererseits sieht sich der Staat angesichts hoher Verschuldung zahlreicher Länder immer weniger in der Lage, die Finanzierung von Infrastrukturmaßnahmen zu übernehmen. Diese Problematik läßt sich sicherlich nicht auf die Entwicklungsländer beschränken, erhält dort jedoch eine neue Dimension: Für viele dieser Länder ist die finanzielle Unterstützung internationaler Geberorganisationen von existentieller Bedeutung. Um z.B. Beistandskredite des Internationalen Währungsfonds (IWF) zu erhalten, müssen sich die betroffenen Länder meist zu weitreichenden Strukturanpassungsreformen verpflichten, welche neben einer Abwertung der Inlandswährung und anderer Auflagen zur Inflationsbekämpfung auch eine massive Kürzung der Staatsausgaben vorsehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird deutlich, daß die Bereitstellung von Infrastrukturgütern in Zukunft von staatlicher Finanzierung weitgehend entkoppelt werden muß, um eine flächendeckende und zuverlässige Versorgung der Bevölkerung sicherzustellen. Um diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, dürfen jedoch sozialpolitische Gesichtspunkte bei der Einführung kostendeckender Tarife nicht aus den Augen verloren werden: Angesichts der Armut eines großen Anteils der Bevölkerung, insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern, muß die Zahlungsfähigkeit der Menschen berücksichtigt werden, so daß auch für die Unterschicht zumindest eine Grundversorgung gewährleistet werden kann. Im folgenden soll deshalb nicht nur dargestellt werden, welche Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Einführung kostendeckender Tarife erfüllt sein müssen, sondern auch, welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, Kostendeckung und Sozialverträglichkeit in Einklang zu bringen.

Suggested Citation

  • Schweitzer, Sylvia, 1998. "Finanzierung lokaler Infrastrukturmaßnahmen durch kostendeckende Tarife: Theoretische Analyse und empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel der Wasserversorgung im Jemen," IEE Working Papers 165, Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ieewps:165
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    References listed on IDEAS

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