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Beschäftigungseffekte von Innovationen auf Unternehmensebene: Ein Überblick theoretischer und empirischer Befunde

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  • Ernst, Daniel
  • Stoetzer, Matthias-Wolfgang

Abstract

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Effekte von Innovationen auf die Beschäftigung innovierender Unternehmen untersucht. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern insbesondere Produkt- und Prozessinnovationen die Zahl der Mitarbeiter erhöhen bzw. diese verringern. Auf der theoretischen Ebene sind die Auswirkungen von Produkt- und Prozessinnovationen weitgehend offen, da sowohl negative als auch positive Einflüsse auf die Zahl der Arbeitsplätze im Unternehmen möglich sind, wenn die verschiedenen Wirkungszusammenhänge alle berücksichtigt werden. Welche der möglichen Kausalwirkungen dominiert, ist daher nur empirisch entscheidbar. Um die Beschäftigungswirkungen von Innovationen abzuschätzen, werden einschlägige empirische Studien der letzten 20 Jahre systematisch ausgewertet. Die Untersuchungen beziehen sich sowohl auf Deutschland als auch auf eine Reihe weiterer Länder, wobei der Fokus auf Europa liegt. Betrachtet werden ausschließlich quantitative Veränderungen der Beschäftigung auf der Unternehmensebene. Die vorhandenen empirischen Studien zeigen ein eindeutiges Bild: Auf Unternehmensebene führen sowohl Produkt- als auch Prozessinnovationen fast immer zu einer Beschäftigungszunahme. Im Rahmen einer deskriptiven Untersuchung ergibt sich außerdem Folgendes: Produktinnovationen wird etwas häufiger eine positive Wirkung nachgewiesen als Prozessinnovationen und die Ergebnisse sind unabhängig vom jeweils betrachteten Land gültig. Die Studien differieren jedoch zum Teil in ihren Resultaten in Abhängigkeit vom Untersuchungszeitraum, der zeitlichen Spannweite der Analyse sowie der in den Regressionsmodellen verwendeten Innovationsindikatoren. Auf Grund geringer Fallzahlen sind in dieser Hinsicht fundierte Aussagen kaum möglich.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernst, Daniel & Stoetzer, Matthias-Wolfgang, 2012. "Beschäftigungseffekte von Innovationen auf Unternehmensebene: Ein Überblick theoretischer und empirischer Befunde," Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Schriften 03/2012, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena – University of Applied Sciences, Department of Business Administration.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fhjwws:032012
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation; Produktinnovation; Prozessinnovation; Beschäftigung; Beschäftigte; Mitarbeiter; empirische Analyse; Metaanalyse; Unternehmen; Innovation; product innovation; process innovation; employment; staff; workforce; empirical analysis; meta analysis; company;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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