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Incidencia del régimen de patentes de la industria farmacéutica sobre la economía colombiana

Author

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  • Luis Alberto Zuleta Jaramillo
  • Mónica Lylián Parra Torrado

Abstract

La legislación colombiana sobre patentabilidad de medicamentos se rige por la Decisión 344 de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones, vigente desde 1994. Por su parte, la legislación internacional para los países miembros de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) se rige por el Acuerdo sobre los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual Relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC), del cual hace parte también Colombia y que está vigente desde 1995. El Acuerdo ADPIC exige a los países miembros del Acuerdo adaptar su legislación nacional a las normas internacionales a partir del ano 2000. La Decisión 344 básicamente coincide con el ADPIC (aunque lo excede en algunos puntos específicos, como en el caso del régimen de licencias obligatorias), ya que su redacción se llevó a cabo en el momento en el que el Acuerdo ADPIC se conocía dentro de las negociaciones de la Ronda Uruguay del GATT. No obstante lo anterior, algunos países de la Comunidad Andina han sido objeto de presiones para modificar la Decisión 344 por un sistema más exigente que el ADPIC. En el caso de Colombia no se han efectuado análisis sistemáticos sobre los efectos de un régimen de patentes sobre la economía colombiana. Este es un elemento de juicio fundamental para evaluar si el país debería adoptar o no una normatividad más exigente que la actual. En este contexto se adelanta este estudio de Fedesarrollo, dirigido específicamente a la industria farmacéutica, del cual se presenta este informe de avance. El contenido del documento es el siguiente. En el primer capítulo se presentan las características del régimen de patentes de la industria farmacéutica colombiana dentro de un contexto internacional. En el segundo capítulo se muestran las principales características de la industria farmacéutica a nivel internacional, así como las de la industria farmacéutica nacional. En el tercer capítulo se presenta la estimación de los efectos de introducir un régimen de patentes sobre el mercado farmacéutico colombiano: efectos sobre el precio al consumidor, el efecto fiscal, una estimación de las transferencias de las empresas multinacionales a la casa matriz y los efectos sobre el costo de la salud pública.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Alberto Zuleta Jaramillo & Mónica Lylián Parra Torrado, 1999. "Incidencia del régimen de patentes de la industria farmacéutica sobre la economía colombiana," Informes de Investigación 2831, Fedesarrollo.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000124:002831
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth Arrow, 1962. "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," NBER Chapters, in: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, pages 609-626, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Industria Farmacéutica; Patentes; Propiedad Industrial; Economía Colombiana; Derecho de Patentes; Propiedad Intelectual; Salud;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • L65 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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