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Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis

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  • Sánchez-Izquierdo, Macarena
  • Fernández-Ballesteros, Rocío
  • Valeriano-Lorenzo, Elizabeth Lucía
  • Botella, Juan

Abstract

In an aging society, it is crucial to understand why some people live long and others do not. There has been a proliferation of studies in recent years that highlight the importance of psycho-behavioural factors in the ways of aging, one of those psychological components is intelligence. In this meta-analysis, the association between intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood is analysed through the Hazard Ratio (HR). Our objectives are: (i) to update Calvin's meta-analysis, especially the estimate of the association between survival and intelligence; and (ii) to evaluate the role of some moderators, especially the age of the participants, to explore intelligence–mortality throughout adulthood and old age. The results show a positive relationship between intelligence and survival (HR•: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.81–0.76). This association is significantly moderated by the years of follow-up, the effect size being smaller the more years elapse between the intelligence assessment and the recording of the outcome. Intelligence is a protective factor to reach middle-high age, but from then on survival depends less and less on intelligence and more on other factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Sánchez-Izquierdo, Macarena & Fernández-Ballesteros, Rocío & Valeriano-Lorenzo, Elizabeth Lucía & Botella, Juan, 2023. "Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intell:v:98:y:2023:i:c:s0160289623000193
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101738
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    References listed on IDEAS

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