IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/rmeecf/v6y2010i2n1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Economic Impact of IMF and World Bank Programs in the Middle East and North Africa: A Case Study of Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, 1983 - 2004

Author

Listed:
  • Harrigan Jane R

    (School of Oriental and African Studies - University of London)

  • El-Said Hamed

    (Manchester Metropolitan University Business School)

Abstract

This paper examines whether the economic reforms attached to IMF and World Bank policy-based lending in the Middle East and North Africa have stimulated sustained economic growth. In order to investigate this, we chose four countries to study in depth: Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. These were chosen as they have been put forward by both the IMF and the World Bank as successful reformers who, for prolonged periods, carried out World Bank and IMF guided economic reform programs. We examine the sources of growth during the reform period in these four countries, looking at intensive versus extensive growth, growth in the tradables sector versus the non-tradables sector and growth caused by the reforms versus growth caused by exogenous factors. We discovered that the reform programs in all four countries were associated with spurts of economic growth, but that, apart from Tunisia, this was not sustained, with intensive growth in the tradables sector stimulated by the reform program.

Suggested Citation

  • Harrigan Jane R & El-Said Hamed, 2010. "The Economic Impact of IMF and World Bank Programs in the Middle East and North Africa: A Case Study of Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, 1983 - 2004," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 6(2), pages 1-25, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:6:y:2010:i:2:n:1
    DOI: 10.2202/1475-3693.1261
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2202/1475-3693.1261
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2202/1475-3693.1261?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jane Harrigan & Hamed El-Said & Chengang Wang, 2006. "The IMF and the World Bank in Jordan: A case of over optimism and elusive growth," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 263-292, September.
    2. Massoud Karshenas, 1994. "Structural Adjustment and Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 9420, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Aug 1994.
    3. John Page, 1998. "From Boom to Bust — and Back? The Crisis of Growth in the Middle East and North Africa," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Nemat Shafik (ed.), Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies, chapter 5, pages 133-158, Palgrave Macmillan.
    4. Mohammed Omran, 2002. "Testing for a Significant Change in the Egyptian Economy Under the Economic Reform Programme Era," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-59, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Michael Lipton, 1987. "Limits of Price Policy for Agriculture: Which Way for the World Bank?," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 5(2), pages 197-215, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tayem Ghada, 2015. "Does Foreign Ownership Increase Firms’ Productivity? Evidence from Firms Listed on Amman Stock Exchange," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 25-54, April.
    2. Raja Zekri Ben Hamouda & Faouzi Jilani, 2023. "Impact of the Global Financial Crisis and the Tunisia’s Jasmine Revolution on the Corporate Capital Structure: Evidence from Four Arab Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 124-134, November.
    3. Magda Kandil & Nazire Nergiz Dincer, 2007. "A Comparative Analysis of Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Economic Activity: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey," Working Papers 722, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jan 2007.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Riham Ahmed Ezzat, 2015. "Paving the way for better telecom performance: Evidence from the telecommunication sector in MENA countries," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-01164199, HAL.
    2. Eaton, Derek J.F., 1996. "The Economics of Soil Erosion: A Model of Farm Decision-Making," Discussion Papers 24134, International Institute for Environment and Development, Environmental Economics Programme.
    3. Ben Groom & Mehroosh Tak, 2013. "Welfare Analysis of Changing Food Prices: A Nonparametric Examination of Export Ban on Rice in India," Working Papers 177, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    4. Harrigan, Jane, 2003. "U-Turns and Full Circles: Two Decades of Agricultural Reform in Malawi 1981-2000," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 847-863, May.
    5. Grepperud, Sverre, 1995. "Soil conservation and governmental policies in tropical areas: Does aid worsen the incentives for arresting erosion?," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 12(2), pages 129-140, August.
    6. Ian Coxhead & Sisira Jayasuriya, 1994. "Technical Change in Agriculture and Land Degradation in Developing Countries: A General Equilibrium Analysis," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 70(1), pages 20-37.
    7. Ian A. Coxhead, 1995. "Economic Modeling of Land Degradation in Developing Countries," Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Staff Papers 385, Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Department.
    8. Gasmi, Farid & Kouakou, Dorgyles & Noumba Um, Paul & Rojas Milla, Pedro, 2023. "An empirical analysis of the social contract in the MENA region and the role of digitalization in its transformation," TSE Working Papers 23-1423, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    9. Riham Ahmed Ezzat, 2015. "Paving the way for better telecom performance: Evidence from the telecommunication sector in MENA countries," Post-Print halshs-01164199, HAL.
    10. Acharya, Sanjaya, 2011. "Making unilateral trade liberalisation beneficial to the poor," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 60-71, June.
    11. Serranito, Francisco, 2013. "Heterogeneous technology and the technological catching-up hypothesis: Theory and assessment in the case of MENA countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 685-697.
    12. Malki, Mostafa & Thompson, Henry, 2014. "Morocco and the US Free Trade Agreement: A specific factors model with unemployment and energy imports," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 269-274.
    13. Perrings C., 1994. "Sustainable livelihoods and environmentally sound technology," ILO Working Papers 993004733402676, International Labour Organization.
    14. Egnonto Koffi-Tessio, 2000. "Incitations et offre du coton au Togo. Une estimation économétrique," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 257(1), pages 78-88.
    15. Nkonya, Ephraim M. & Barkley, Andrew P. & Hamilton, Stephen F. & Bernardo, Daniel J., 1999. "Environmental And Economic Impacts Of Soil Erosion And Fertility Mining In Northern Tanzania," 1999 Annual meeting, August 8-11, Nashville, TN 21623, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    16. Agenor, Pierre-Richard & Nabli, Mustapha K. & Yousef, Tarik M., 2005. "Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3661, The World Bank.
    17. Marinheiro, Carlos Fonseca, 2008. "Ricardian equivalence, twin deficits, and the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in Egypt," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1041-1056.
    18. Alma Boustati, 2020. "The Evolution of Female Labour Force Participation in Jordan," Working Papers 236, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    19. Jane Harrigan & Hamed El-Said & Chengang Wang, 2006. "The IMF and the World Bank in Jordan: A case of over optimism and elusive growth," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 263-292, September.
    20. Ms. Dalia S Hakura, 2004. "Growth in the Middle East and North Africa," IMF Working Papers 2004/056, International Monetary Fund.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:rmeecf:v:6:y:2010:i:2:n:1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.