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Die Psychologie irrationaler Wirtschaftspolitik am Beispiel des Reformstaus

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  • Heinemann, Friedrich

Abstract

Psychologische Studien belegen vielfältige Abweichungen menschlicher Denk- und Verhaltensweisen von den üblichen Rationalitätsannahmen ökonomischer Modelle. Die traditionelle Ökonomie begegnet diesen Hinweisen begrenzter Rationalität mit Zurückhaltung, auch wenn derartige Ansätze inzwischen auf einzelnen Gebieten, wie etwa der Finanzmarktanalyse im Rahmen der Behavioural Finance Akzeptanz gewinnen. Um so mehr erstaunt es, dass psychologische Einsichten noch kaum Eingang in die Analyse der Wirtschaftspolitik gefunden haben, wo ja nicht einmal das Korrektiv der Märkte zur Rationalität zwingt. Der Wähler hat kaum Anreize zu einer rationalen Beurteilung wirtschaftspolitischer Programme, da seine individuelle Wahlentscheidung praktisch keinen Einfluss auf die Qualität der Wirtschaftspolitik hat. In der politökonomischen Analyse hat dies Kalkül unter dem Terminus der ?rationalen Ignoranz? einen festen Platz. Mit der gleichen Begründung, mit der ein geringer Informationsstand des Wählers für rational erklärt wird, kann nun aber auch die ?rationale Irrationalität? begründet werden: Kein Wähler wird individuell dafür bestraft, wenn er die Beurteilung wirtschaftspolitischer Optionen auf Basis angeborener Instinkte und nicht auf der Grundlage eines Rationalitätskalküls vornimmt. Wenn derartige Irrationalitäten schon eine hilfreiche Rolle zur Erklärung von Verhaltensweisen unter Marktbedingungen etwa im Rahmen der Behavioural Finance spielen, dann ist auch ein Erkenntnisbeitrag bei der Analyse wirtschaftspolitischer Verhaltensweisen zu erwarten.

Suggested Citation

  • Heinemann, Friedrich, 2000. "Die Psychologie irrationaler Wirtschaftspolitik am Beispiel des Reformstaus," ZEW Discussion Papers 00-12, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:5287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Friedrich Heinemann & Michael Förg & Eva Jonas & Eva Traut‐Mattausch, 2008. "Psychologische Restriktionen wirtschaftspolitischer Reformen," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 9(4), pages 383-404, November.
    2. Heinemann, Friedrich, 2004. "Explaining Reform Deadlocks," ZEW Discussion Papers 04-39, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reformstau; Irrationalität; Verlust-Aversion; Besitzeffekt; Status quo Präferenz;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D78 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines

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