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Beiträge zur Analyse der Digitalisierung aus Innovationsperspektive

Author

Listed:
  • Beckert, Bernd
  • Erdmann, Lorenz
  • Feidenheimer, Alexander
  • Gotsch, Matthias
  • Kroll, Henning
  • Röß, Andreas
  • Schubert, Torben

Abstract

[Einleitung und Fragestellung] Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht, dass Nutzerinnen und Nutzer eine immer wichtigere Rolle im Innovationsgeschehen spielen. Darüber sind sich Innovationsforschung und Manage-mentliteratur einig. Allerdings ist unklar, wie weit die Öffnung von Innovationsprozessen bereits vorangeschritten ist, ob sie alle Bereiche oder nur einige betrifft und ob es sich gar um eine zwangsläufige Entwicklung handelt. In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nach-gegangen, wie sich neue Beteiligungs- und Öffnungsprozesse in vier ausgewählten In-novationsfeldern konkret gestalten. Konzepte des User-Involvements, der User-Producer-Co-Creation oder auch der Lead-User stellen die Nutzer ins Zentrum des Innovationsgeschehens (siehe z. B. von Hippel 2005; Bogers et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2012 oder Breschi et al. 2017). Dabei entsteht vielfach der Eindruck, dass Nutzer generell, in allen Branchen, im Business-to-Business-Bereich ebenso wie im Endkundenbereich zu zentralen Innovationsträgern werden. Von Hippel sieht im Fortschreiten des User-Involvements in den verschiedenen Branchen eine ansteigende Bewegung, die früher oder später alle erfassen wird: "Users of pro-ducts or services - both firms and individual consumers - are increasingly able to inno-vate for themselves" (von Hippel 2005, S. 1 zitiert in Bogers et al. 2010, S. 869). Die Hervorhebung der Bedeutung von Nutzern und Anwendern im Innovationsgesche-hen suggeriert, dass andere Innovationsarten, insbesondere die institutionalisierten, zu-rückgedrängt werden und entsprechend an Bedeutung verlieren. Dieser Beitrag versteht sich als eine Art "Reality Check" dieser Aussage und bezieht sich auf jene Bereiche, in denen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der Competence Center "Neue Tech-nologien", "Innovations- und Wissensökonomie" und "Politik und Gesellschaft" des Fraunhofer ISI seit Jahren forschen und publizieren. Es handelt sich um folgende Tech-nologie- und Themenbereiche: * Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken, * Industrielle Produktion, * Gesundheit, * Bioökonomie und * Graphen. Entsprechend lautet die Fragestellung dieser Untersuchung: Wie haben sich die Herstel-ler-Nutzer-Beziehungen in den genannten Bereichen in letzten Jahren verändert und welches sind die jeweils dominanten Innovationmodi? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden für diese Studie sechs Fallstudien ausgear-beitet, die sich hauptsächlich auf die Expertise der entsprechenden Expertinnen und Ex-perten am Fraunhofer ISI stützen.

Suggested Citation

  • Beckert, Bernd & Erdmann, Lorenz & Feidenheimer, Alexander & Gotsch, Matthias & Kroll, Henning & Röß, Andreas & Schubert, Torben, 2020. "Beiträge zur Analyse der Digitalisierung aus Innovationsperspektive," Discussion Papers "Innovation Systems and Policy Analysis" 68, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisidp:68
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    1. Warnke, Philine & Koschatzky, Knut & Dönitz, Ewa & Zenker, Andrea & Stahlecker, Thomas & Som, Oliver & Cuhls, Kerstin & Güth, Sandra, 2016. "Opening up the innovation system framework towards new actors and institutions," Discussion Papers "Innovation Systems and Policy Analysis" 49, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
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