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Zum Wandel der Finanzierungsstruktur in der Wohlstandsgesellschaft

Author

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  • Gunther Tichy

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Die Sparpläne der privaten Haushalte übersteigen derzeit weltweit den beschränkten Finanzierungsbedarf der Unternehmen; die Differenz schlägt sich in einer Zunahme der Staatsverschuldung nieder. In der EU hatten die nicht-finanziellen Kapitalgesellschaften in den letzten zweieinhalb Jahrzehnten in einem von drei Jahren Finanzierungsüberschüsse, in den wohlhabenderen EU-Ländern (EU 15) sogar in jedem zweiten Jahr. Vieles spricht dafür, dass das nicht bloß eine Folge der Finanzmarktkrise ist, sondern weltweit im südostasiatischen Wirtschaftsmodell angelegt ist, in Europa hingegen ein Symptom der Wohlstandsgesellschaft: Finanzielle Absicherung gewinnt an Bedeutung, und das langsamere Wachstum erfordert weniger Investitionen. Die Wirtschaftspolitik sollte daher auf ein Anhalten der gegenwärtigen Situation vorbereitet sein; ohne Gegenmaßnahmen müsste es zu einer rezessiven Anpassung der Sparfähigkeit an die Verschuldungsbereitschaft von Wirtschaft und Staat kommen. Gegen die weltweiten Verwerfungen, die primär auf die südostasiatische exportbasierte Wirtschaftspolitik zurückgehen, können nur eine stärker inlandsorientierte Politik dieser Länder und eine erhebliche Aufwertung (Aufgabe der Dollarbindung) helfen. Ansätze dazu gibt es, doch ist angesichts der Dimension des Problems mit einer langen Übergangsphase zu rechnen. In der EU bedarf es eines breiten und wohl ausgewogenen Maßnahmenpakets. Es müsste durch Vertrauensbildung das Vorsichtssparen dämpfen, die Unternehmensfinanzierung verbessern, aber auch die stark eingeschränkten Investitionen im öffentlichen Bereich wiederbeleben. Weiters sollte vor allem in den Ländern, in denen die Finanzierung und Bedienung der Staatsschulden kein Problem verursacht, die früher übliche Trennung in einen Überschüsse erzielenden ordentlichen Haushalt der laufenden Ausgaben und einen Investitionshaushalt wieder eingeführt werden, innerhalb dessen primär immaterielle Investitionen innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen schuldenfinanziert werden können.

Suggested Citation

  • Gunther Tichy, 2014. "Zum Wandel der Finanzierungsstruktur in der Wohlstandsgesellschaft," WIFO Working Papers 488, WIFO.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2014:i:488
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    References listed on IDEAS

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