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Les performances économiques de la Suède: Quelques éléments d’évaluation

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  • Vincent Touze

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

Depuis le début des années 1970, la Suède poursuit un processus d’ouverture internationale. Cette ouverture a provoqué une restructuration de la sphère productive et le déclin de certains secteurs traditionnels, alors que le remarquable dynamisme du secteur des services a permis de soutenir l’emploi et particulièrement l’emploi féminin. L’économie suédoise a connu plusieurs épisodes de crise économique aux conséquences variables. Seule la crise du début des années 1990 a fait entrer la Suède dans une ère de chômage de masse. La Suède semblait enfin guérie en 2001, mais une remontée du taux de chômage s’observe sur la période 2003-2005. De façon générale, les politiques économiques mises en place ont été particulièrement réactives. Les gouvernements successifs n’ont pas hésité à accepter d’importants déficits publics lorsque cela était nécessaire. Les dévaluations régulières de la couronne suédoise ont incontestablement apporté des débouchés à la production nationale. La lutte contre l’inflation est plus tardive que dans les autres pays développés et n’est engagée que dans les années 1990. Cette période marque aussi une prise de conscience de l’importance d’engager des politiques structurelles pour soutenir la croissance à long terme. Il en ressort une politique de dépenses publiques plus économe et plus attentive quant à leur efficacité ainsi que des mesures spécifiques en faveur du marché du travail. Comparée aux autres pays, la Suède continue de satisfaire un niveau relativement élevé d’équité et de bonnes performances économiques (croissance élevée, taux de chômage inférieur à la moyenne européenne et excédent budgétaire). En ce sens, elle constitue toujours un modèle de société. Mais celui-ci a changé car le degré de redistribution des richesses et le poids du secteur public ont été réduits au cours des quinze dernières années.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Touze, 2007. "Les performances économiques de la Suède: Quelques éléments d’évaluation," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/3881, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/3881
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Économie suédoise; Emploi; Modèle social;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

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