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A Review of Wagner's Law and Income Elasticity of the Government Expenditures in Iran 1985-2018

Author

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  • Reza Najarzadeh

    (Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)

  • Elham Khorasani

    (Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran)

Abstract

Wagner's Law holds that the relative size of public sector increases with the growth of per capita income. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of Wagner’s Law in Iran. We test the Wagner’s Law by incorporating a vector Autoregression model and vector error correction model for the Iranian economy using 1985-2018 health and education data. The results of the estimates show that this law holds in Iran. The elasticity of government expenditures with respect to national income must be greater than one for the Wagner’s law to hold. However, government spending on health and education have been less than expected. This could suggest that the state does not pay enough attention to health and education. One can conclude that health and education are not priorities of the government in allocating funds to these two sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Reza Najarzadeh & Elham Khorasani, 2019. "A Review of Wagner's Law and Income Elasticity of the Government Expenditures in Iran 1985-2018," Proceedings of the 14th International RAIS Conference, August 19-20, 2019 004RZ, Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:smo:epaper:004rz
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adolph Wagner, 1958. "Three Extracts on Public Finance," International Economic Association Series, in: Richard A. Musgrave & Alan T. Peacock (ed.), Classics in the Theory of Public Finance, pages 1-15, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    3. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    4. Alan T. Peacock & Jack Wiseman, 1961. "The Growth of Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number peac61-1, July.
    5. Im, Kyung So & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 2003. "Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 115(1), pages 53-74, July.
    6. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    7. Alan T. Peacock & Jack Wiseman, 1979. "Approaches To the Analysis of Government Expenditure Growth," Public Finance Review, , vol. 7(1), pages 3-23, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Stoyan Tanchev, 2021. "Economic growth and government expenditure – evidence of Wagner’s Law in some EU countries," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 1, pages 72-87.

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    Keywords

    Gross Domestic Product; Wagner's Law; Government Expenditure; Vector Autoregression; Vector Error Correction Model;
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