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Household level health and socio-economic vulnerabilities and the COVID-19 crisis: An analysis from the UK

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  • Mikolai, Julia
  • Keenan, Katherine
  • Kulu, Hill

Abstract

Objectives. To investigate how COVID-19-related health and socio-economic vulnerabilities occur at the household level, and how they are distributed across household types and geographical areas in the United Kingdom. Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative study. Setting. The United Kingdom. Participants. ~19,500 households. Main outcome measures. Using multiple household-level indicators and principal components analysis, we derive summary measures representing different dimensions of household vulnerabilities critical during the COVID-19 epidemic: health, employment, housing, financial and digital. Results. Our analysis highlights three key findings. First, although COVID-19 health risks are concentrated in retirement-age households, a substantial proportion of working age households also face these risks. Second, different types of households exhibit different vulnerabilities, with working-age households more likely to face financial, housing and employment precarities, and retirement-age households health and digital vulnerabilities. Third, there are area-level differences in the distribution of vulnerabilities across England and the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. Conclusions. The findings imply that the short- and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 crisis are likely to vary by household type. Policy measures that aim to mitigate the health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic should consider how vulnerabilities cluster together across different household types, and how these may exacerbate already existing inequalities.

Suggested Citation

  • Mikolai, Julia & Keenan, Katherine & Kulu, Hill, 2020. "Household level health and socio-economic vulnerabilities and the COVID-19 crisis: An analysis from the UK," SocArXiv 4wtz8, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:4wtz8
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/4wtz8
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    1. Jennifer Beam Dowd & Liliana Andriano & David M. Brazel & Valentina Rotondi & Per Block & Xuejie Ding & Yan Liu & Melinda C. Mills, 2020. "Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 117(18), pages 9696-9698, May.
    2. Kuhn, Moritz & Bayer, Christian, 2020. "Intergenerational ties and case fatality rates: A cross-country analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 14519, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rosalind Wallace & Rachel Franklin & Susan Grant-Muller & Alison Heppenstall & Victoria Houlden, 2022. "Estimating the social and spatial impacts of Covid mitigation strategies in United Kingdom regions: synthetic data and dashboards [Developing a sustainable exit strategy for COVID-19: health, econo," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 15(3), pages 683-702.
    2. Lili Li & Araz Taeihagh & Si Ying Tan, 2023. "A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Juana Inés Gallego-Gómez & María Campillo-Cano & Aurora Carrión-Martínez & Serafín Balanza & María Teresa Rodríguez-González-Moro & Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz & José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, 2020. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Homebound Nursing Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-12, October.
    4. Richard A. Sharpe & Katrina M. Wyatt & Andrew James Williams, 2022. "Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-32, March.
    5. Karen A. E. Hall & Blanca Deusdad & Manuel D’Hers Del Pozo & Ángel Martínez-Hernáez, 2022. "How Did People with Functional Disability Experience the First COVID-19 Lockdown? A Thematic Analysis of YouTube Comments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, August.
    6. Albani, Viviana & Welsh, Claire E. & Brown, Heather & Matthews, Fiona E. & Bambra, Clare, 2022. "Explaining the deprivation gap in COVID-19 mortality rates: A decomposition analysis of geographical inequalities in England," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    7. Lewańczyk, Agata Marta & Langham-Walsh, Eleanor & Edwards, Lisa & Branney, Peter & Walters, Elizabeth R. & Mitchell, Paul & Vaportzis, Eleftheria, 2023. "Back Onside protocol: A physical activity intervention to improve health outcomes in people who are unemployed or at risk of unemployment," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    8. Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan & Olanrewaju Ibigbami & Maha El Tantawi & Brandon Brown & Nourhan M. Aly & Oliver Ezechi & Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño & Eshrat Ara & Martin Amogre Ayanore & Passent Ellaka, 2021. "Factors Associated with Financial Security, Food Security and Quality of Daily Lives of Residents in Nigeria during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Marianna Alesi & Giulia Giordano & Ambra Gentile & Barbara Caci, 2023. "The Switch to Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Interplay between Personality and Mental Health on University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(7), pages 1-15, March.
    10. Tan, Si Ying & Foo, Chuan De & Verma, Monica & Hanvoravongchai, Piya & Cheh, Paul Li Jen & Pholpark, Aungsumalee & Marthias, Tiara & Hafidz, Firdaus & Prawidya Putri, Likke & Mahendradhata, Yodi & Gia, 2023. "Mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations: Lessons for improving health and social equity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    11. Arpino, Bruno & Pasqualini, Marta & Bordone, Valeria & Solé-Auró, Aïda, 2020. "Indirect consequences of COVID-19 on people’s lives. Findings from an on-line survey in France, Italy and Spain," SocArXiv 4sfv9, Center for Open Science.

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