IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/osfxxx/5xgch.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

A scoping review of the design and characteristics of e-bike financial incentives

Author

Listed:
  • Nosratzadeh, Hossein
  • Bhowmick, Debjit
  • Carmona, Ana Belén Ríos
  • Thompson, Jason
  • Thai, Thao
  • Pearson, Lauren
  • Beck, Ben

Abstract

E-bikes are recognized as a sustainable mode of transportation with an unmet potential for widespread adoption. However, despite a decade of global implementation, research gaps persist regarding the design and characteristics of incentive programs for e-bikes. This review examines different design elements of implemented financial incentive programs for e-bike uptake in OECD countries. The findings reveal three main components common to these schemes: (1) target cohort, with the majority of programs focusing on the local population; (2) eligible e-bike types, with regular e-bikes being the most frequently chosen; and (3) financial incentive structures aimed at maximizing uptake among the target cohort, with post-purchase rebates being the most prevalent. Another significant aspect identified is the allocation process, predominantly following a "first come, first served" structure. However, prioritizing project goals and promoting equity is recommended for optimal program design. The array of structures and designs in these schemes highlights challenges in determining optimal designs, constrained by limited evidence informing transport policies. This review synthesizes global insights on designing financial incentive schemes to boost e-bike uptake, providing a comprehensive guide for policy making and program administrators in designing executive programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Nosratzadeh, Hossein & Bhowmick, Debjit & Carmona, Ana Belén Ríos & Thompson, Jason & Thai, Thao & Pearson, Lauren & Beck, Ben, 2024. "A scoping review of the design and characteristics of e-bike financial incentives," OSF Preprints 5xgch, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5xgch
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/5xgch
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/660e1dc8943bee1997dfec08/
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/5xgch?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jones, Tim & Harms, Lucas & Heinen, Eva, 2016. "Motives, perceptions and experiences of electric bicycle owners and implications for health, wellbeing and mobility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 41-49.
    2. Alali, Layla & Niesten, Eva & Gagliardi, Dimitri, 2022. "The impact of UK financial incentives on the adoption of electric fleets: The moderation effect of GDP change," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 200-220.
    3. Marc Audi & Amjad Ali, 2023. "The Role of Environmental Conditions and Purchasing Power Parity in Determining Quality of Life among Big Asian Cities," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 292-305, May.
    4. Ton, Danique & Duives, Dorine, 2021. "Understanding long-term changes in commuter mode use of a pilot featuring free e-bike trials," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 134-144.
    5. Ciccone, A. & Fyhri, A. & Sundfør, H.B., 2021. "Using behavioral insights to incentivize cycling: Results from a field experiment," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 1035-1058.
    6. Jenn, Alan & Azevedo, Inês L. & Ferreira, Pedro, 2013. "The impact of federal incentives on the adoption of hybrid electric vehicles in the United States," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 936-942.
    7. Vojtěch Máca & Milan Ščasný & Iva Zvěřinová & Michal Jakob & Jan Hrnčíř, 2020. "Incentivizing Commuter Cycling by Financial and Non-Financial Rewards," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Samadzad, Mahdi & Nosratzadeh, Hossein & Karami, Hossein & Karami, Ali, 2023. "What are the factors affecting the adoption and use of electric scooter sharing systems from the end user's perspective?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 70-82.
    9. Carroll, Paraic & Caulfield, Brian & Ahern, Aoife, 2019. "Modelling the potential benefits of increased active travel," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 82-92.
    10. Roland Zink & Javier Valdes & Jane Wuth, 2020. "Prioritizing the Chicken or Egg? Electric Vehicle Purchase and Charging Infrastructure Subsidies in Germany," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 8(3), pages 185-198.
    11. Geoffrey Rose, 2012. "E-bikes and urban transportation: emerging issues and unresolved questions," Transportation, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 81-96, January.
    12. DeShazo, J.R. & Sheldon, Tamara L. & Carson, Richard T., 2017. "Designing policy incentives for cleaner technologies: Lessons from California's plug-in electric vehicle rebate program," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 18-43.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michał Adam Kwiatkowski & Elżbieta Grzelak-Kostulska & Jadwiga Biegańska, 2021. "Could It Be a Bike for Everyone? The Electric Bicycle in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Ziwen Ling & Christopher R. Cherry & John H. MacArthur & Jonathan X. Weinert, 2017. "Differences of Cycling Experiences and Perceptions between E-Bike and Bicycle Users in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Bhardwaj, Chandan & Axsen, Jonn & Kern, Florian & McCollum, David, 2020. "Why have multiple climate policies for light-duty vehicles? Policy mix rationales, interactions and research gaps," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 309-326.
    4. Synek, Stefan & Koenigstorfer, Joerg, 2018. "Exploring adoption determinants of tax-subsidized company-leasing bicycles from the perspective of German employers and employees," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 238-260.
    5. Azarafshar, Roshanak & Vermeulen, Wessel N., 2020. "Electric vehicle incentive policies in Canadian provinces," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    6. Paul Plazier & Gerd Weitkamp & Agnes van den Berg, 2023. "E-bikes in rural areas: current and potential users in the Netherlands," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1449-1470, August.
    7. Nenad Djokic & Nikola Milicevic & Branimir Kalas & Ines Djokic & Vera Mirovic, 2023. "E-Bicycle as a Green and Physically Active Mode of Transport from the Aspect of Students: TPB and Financial Incentives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    8. Sarmad Zaman Rajper & Johan Albrecht, 2020. "Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, March.
    9. Georgia Apostolou & Angèle Reinders & Karst Geurs, 2018. "An Overview of Existing Experiences with Solar-Powered E-Bikes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-20, August.
    10. Alali, Layla & Niesten, Eva & Gagliardi, Dimitri, 2022. "The impact of UK financial incentives on the adoption of electric fleets: The moderation effect of GDP change," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 200-220.
    11. van Lierop, D. & Soemers, J. & Hoeke, L. & Liu, G. & Chen, Z. & Ettema, D. & Kruijf, J., 2020. "Wayfinding for cycle highways: Assessing e-bike users' experiences with wayfinding along a cycle highway in the Netherlands," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    12. Plazier, Paul A. & Weitkamp, Gerd & van den Berg, Agnes E., 2017. "“Cycling was never so easy!” An analysis of e-bike commuters' motives, travel behaviour and experiences using GPS-tracking and interviews," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 25-34.
    13. Zhuge, Chengxiang & Wei, Binru & Shao, Chunfu & Shan, Yuli & Dong, Chunjiao, 2020. "The role of the license plate lottery policy in the adoption of Electric Vehicles: A case study of Beijing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    14. Yan, Shiyu, 2018. "The economic and environmental impacts of tax incentives for battery electric vehicles in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 53-63.
    15. Jenkins, Michael & Lustosa, Lucio & Chia, Victoria & Wildish, Sarah & Tan, Maria & Hoornweg, Daniel & Lloyd, Meghann & Dogra, Shilpa, 2022. "What do we know about pedal assist E-bikes? A scoping review to inform future directions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 25-37.
    16. Xue, Fei & Yao, Enjian, 2022. "Impact analysis of residential relocation on ownership, usage, and carbon-dioxide emissions of private cars," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    17. Ton, Danique & Duives, Dorine, 2021. "Understanding long-term changes in commuter mode use of a pilot featuring free e-bike trials," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 134-144.
    18. Tuğba Yeğin & Muhammad Ikram, 2022. "Analysis of Consumers’ Electric Vehicle Purchase Intentions: An Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, September.
    19. Tomasz Bieliński & Łukasz Dopierała & Maciej Tarkowski & Agnieszka Ważna, 2020. "Lessons from Implementing a Metropolitan Electric Bike Sharing System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-21, November.
    20. Cailou Jiang & Ying Zhang & Maoliang Bu & Weishu Liu, 2018. "The Effectiveness of Government Subsidies on Manufacturing Innovation: Evidence from the New Energy Vehicle Industry in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-11, May.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5xgch. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.