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Reducing Income Inequality and Poverty and Promoting Social Mobility in Korea

Author

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  • Randall S. Jones

    (OECD)

  • Satoshi Urasawa

    (OECD)

Abstract

To strengthen social cohesion, a top government priority, it is essential to address the labour market roots of inequality by breaking down dualism to reduce the share of non-regular workers and to boost the employment ratio toward the government’s 70% target. Education reforms are also important to enhance social mobility. Social welfare programmes should be improved to make them more effective, especially among the elderly, where the relative poverty rate is 49%. In addition, reforms are needed now to develop an effective three-pillar system of retirement income based on the National Pension Scheme, company pensions and individual savings. High household debt also has adverse implications for equity, as well as for growth, as individuals with low income and credit ratings have limited access to financial markets and many are delinquent on their loans. Policies to offer credit to such households and restructure their debt, while limiting moral hazard and developing market-based lending, are essential. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Korea (www.oecd.org/eco/economic-survey-korea.htm). Réduire les inégalités de revenu et la pauvreté et promouvoir la mobilité sociale en Corée Pour renforcer la cohésion sociale, l’une des premières priorités des autorités coréennes, il est primordial de s’attaquer au dualisme du marché du travail, source d’inégalités, en réduisant la proportion de travailleurs non réguliers et en favorisant le rapprochement du taux d’emploi sur l’objectif de 70 % fixé par les autorités. Des réformes de l’éducation sont également essentielles pour une plus grande mobilité sociale. Les programmes de protection sociale doivent être améliorés pour qu’ils soient plus efficaces, notamment pour les personnes âgées, dont le taux de pauvreté relative est de 49 %. En outre, des réformes sont nécessaires pour mettre en place un régime de retraite à trois piliers : régime national de retraite, retraites d’entreprise et épargne individuelle. Par ailleurs, le haut niveau d’endettement des ménages a des effets négatifs en termes d’égalité car les ménages les plus modestes et les moins solvables n’ont guère accès au marché du crédit et leurs taux de défaillance sont élevés. Il est important d’élaborer une offre de crédit en leur faveur et de réaménager leur dette, tout en limitant l’aléa moral et en développant le recours aux mécanismes du marché dans l’activité de prêt. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Corée, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/coree.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Randall S. Jones & Satoshi Urasawa, 2014. "Reducing Income Inequality and Poverty and Promoting Social Mobility in Korea," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1153, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1153-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz0wh6l5p7l-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Tai Lee, 2022. "The Impact of Employment Protection on the Probability of Job Separation: Evidence from Job Duration Data in South Korea," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 369-414, December.
    2. Mok, Ka Ho & Jiang, Jin, 2018. "Massification of higher education and challenges for graduate employment and social mobility: East Asian experiences and sociological reflections," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 44-51.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    70% roadmap; Basic Livelihood Security Programme; basic old-age pension; company pensions; dualisme du marché du travail; elderly poverty; emploi des femmes; endettement des ménages; female employment; hagwons; hagwons; household debt; indemnité de retraite; labour market dualism; minimum vieillesse; National Happiness Fund; National Pension Scheme; non-regular workers; pauvreté chez les plus âgés; retirement allowance; retraites d’entreprise; régime national de retraite; travailleurs non réguliers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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