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Contribution des facteurs et de la productivité globale des facteurs à la croissance agricole au Maroc : une évaluation comparée intersectorielle et inter pays

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  • Mohammed Rachid Doukkali
  • Tharcisse Guèdègbé

Abstract

Le progrès économique et social du Maroc passe par des objectifs de croissance dans l’agriculture, secteur prioritaire dans les stratégies et les politiques de développement. Plus encore, les gains de productivité globale des facteurs sont déterminants pour l’amélioration du niveau de vie. Le présent travail de recherche a consisté à comprendre l’évolution de la performance du secteur agricole au Maroc, en étudiant les contributions relatives des facteurs de production et de la productivité globale des facteurs. Ceci en observant ce qui se passe au niveau des deux autres secteurs de l’économie sur la période 1989-2014. Pour ce faire, le travail a adopté une approche comparative pour situer les performances marocaines dans la région méditerranéenne et a aussi observé comment la dernière crise financière internationale a affecté les contributions factorielles à la croissance par secteur. Suite à l’utilisation de la méthode de l’inventaire perpétuel, pour estimer le stock de capital, et de méthodes économétriques, pour obtenir une mesure ajustée de la terre qui tient compte des différences relatives de productivité, l’approche méthodologique de la comptabilité de la croissance ou Growth Accounting a été employée pour l’estimation des gains de productivité globale des facteurs et la déduction des contributions relatives des facteurs à la croissance. Il s’en suit, des évolutions assez dissemblables entre les pays du nord de la Méditerranée et ceux du sud et de l’est. Au Maroc, la terre a rapidement contribué à la croissance du secteur agricole entre 2008 et 2014. De façon similaire, le travail a contribué à la croissance du secteur agricole marocain jusqu’en 2005, puis en 2013 et 2014. En parallèle, parmi les quatre pays de l’est et du sud de la Méditerranée, considérés, le Maroc a enregistré les plus faibles taux de croissance de l’emploi et, donc, de sa contribution à la croissance de l’industrie et des services. Le facteur capital a positivement contribué à la croissance dans tous les secteurs au Maroc et encore plus pendant la période de la crise financière. Dans les huit pays étudiés, l’agriculture est le secteur qui a enregistré le taux de croissance annuel moyen de productivité le plus élevé. Ceci aussi bien globalement entre 1990 et 2014 que par période, 1990-2007 et 2008-2014. On relève, de plus, que l’agriculture marocaine a enregistré le taux de croissance annuel moyen de la productivité globale des facteurs le plus élevé sur la période 1989-2014.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Rachid Doukkali & Tharcisse Guèdègbé, 2018. "Contribution des facteurs et de la productivité globale des facteurs à la croissance agricole au Maroc : une évaluation comparée intersectorielle et inter pays," Research papers & Policy papers 1809, Policy Center for the New South.
    • Handle: RePEc:ocp:rpaper:rp1806
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haddad, Mona, 1993. "How trade liberalization affected productivity in Morocco," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1096, The World Bank.
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