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Obstacles to Transforming Centrally-Planned Economies: The Role of Capital Markets

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  • Guillermo A. Calvo
  • Jacob A. Frenkel

Abstract

This paper identifies obstacles hindering the transformation of centrally-planned economies (CPEs) into well-functioning market economies. The analysis is motivated by the recent experience with economic transformation and restructuring in Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. The economic system in CPEs is highly distorted. Prices do not represent real social costs, incentives systems are absent, losses of unprofitable state-owned enterprises are automatically financed, legislations vital for the functioning of markets are not in place, private ownership and property rights are underdeveloped, bankruptcy laws are absent, markets are missing, shortages prevail and, occasionally, inflation is high. The obstacles identified relate to (i) anticipatory dynamics, (ii) monetary overhang and the budget, and (iii) underdeveloped credit markets. It is demonstrated that these obstacles inhibit the effectiveness of price reform, monetary and credit policies, and trade liberalization. The analysis focuses on various ways to remove the obstacles. In this regard, a special examination is made of the implications of cleaning the balance sheets of enterprises and banks from nonperforming loans, as well as ways to enhance credibility. In the absence of such measures, privatization will be difficult since the necessary information about creditworthiness of firms is lacking. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of sequencing, safety nets. and their associated obstacles.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillermo A. Calvo & Jacob A. Frenkel, 1991. "Obstacles to Transforming Centrally-Planned Economies: The Role of Capital Markets," NBER Working Papers 3776, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:3776
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R McKinnon, 1991. "Financial Control in the Transition to a Market Economy," CEP Discussion Papers dp0040, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    2. Jacob A. Frenkel & Rudiger Dornbusch & William H. Branson & Ricardo H. Arriazu, 1983. "Panel Discussion on Southern Cone," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 30(1), pages 164-184, March.
    3. Fischer, Stanley & Gelb, Alan, 1990. "Issues in socialist economy reform," Policy Research Working Paper Series 565, The World Bank.
    4. Mr. Jacob A. Frenkel & Mr. Guillermo Calvo, 1991. "From Centrally-Planned to Market Economies: The Road from CPE to PCPE," IMF Working Papers 1991/017, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Lawrence J. Brainard, 1991. "Reform in Eastern Europe: creating a capital market," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 76(Jan), pages 49-58.
    6. Fisher, S. & Gelb, A., 1990. "Issues In Socialist Economy Reform," Working papers 567, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
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    Cited by:

    1. Schmieding, Holger, 1991. "Transforming the financial system in Eastern Europe's market economies: A proposal for clean balance sheets and an institutional transfer," Kiel Working Papers 497, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. George Stubos & Ioannis Tsikripis, 2005. "Regional Integration Challenges in South East Europe: Banking Sector Trends," Working Papers 24, Bank of Greece.
    3. Schmieding, Holger & Buch, Claudia, 1992. "Better banks for Eastern Europe," Kiel Discussion Papers 197, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    4. R. Sean Craig & Catherine L. Mann, 1992. "Fiscal implications of the transition from planned to market economy," International Finance Discussion Papers 424, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Leong H. Liew, 1994. "Competitive Money Creation In China And In The Soviet Union," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(1), pages 1-16, February.

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