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Trade liberalization and demand labor elasticities : evidence from Tunisia

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Author Info
Ilham Haouas (TEAM, Université Paris I)
Mahmoud Yagoubi (MATISSE, Université Paris I)
Abstract

Ce papier étudie les effets de la libéralisation des échanges sur les élasticités de la demande du travail. Une équation de demande d'emploi est estimée en se fondant sur des données (1971-1996) portant sur six industries manufacturières tunisiennes. Les résultats des tests économétriques ne vérifient pas l'idée que la libéralisation des échanges peut permettre une augmentation de l'élasticité de la demande du travail. Dans la majorité des industries considérées, l'hypothèse de l'absence d'une relation entre l'ouverture commerciale et l'élasticité demande de travail ne peut pas être rejetée. La faiblesse de l'élasticité de demande de travail peut être expliquée par les régulations du marché du travail mises en place durant 1987-1996. Cependant, les résultats sont robustes par rapport au type de statut du travail considéré (main-d'oeuvre contractuelle et permanente). Ces résultats confortent l'idée qu'au cours de la période de libéralisation, le marché du travail est devenu plus flexible, et que les chefs d'entreprise préfèrent embaucher des travailleurs contractuels. This paper investigates the effects of trade liberalization on labor demand elasticities. Employment demand equation is estimated by using data (1971-1996) for manufacturing industries in Tunisia. Results from empirical testing using the model find a weak support for the idea assuming that trade liberalization will lead to an increase in labor demand elasticities: in the vast majority of the industries we consider, we cannot reject the hypothesis of no relationship between trade openness and labor-demand elasticities. This weakness of labor demand elasticity in practice is perhaps explained by the tight labor market regulations in place during the 1987-96. However, our results are robust to the type of labor considered (contract labor and permanent labor). This supports the conclusion that under liberalization period labor markets have become more flexible, and that employers prefer recruiting contracts worker. (Full text in english)

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Paper provided by Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV in its series Documents de travail with number 94.

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Length: 10 pages
Date of creation: Feb 2004
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Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:94

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F02 - International Economics - - General - - - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations;; Economic Integration and Globalization: General
E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General

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  1. Beyer, Harald & Rojas, Patricio & Vergara, Rodrigo, 1999. "Trade liberalization and wage inequality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 103-123, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Fajnzylber, Pablo & Maloney, William F., 2000. "Labor demand andtrade reform in Latin America," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2491, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Levinsohn, James, 1999. "Employment responses to international liberalization in Chile," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 321-344, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Luca PAPI & Alberto ZAZZARO, 2000. "How Does the EU Agenda Influence Economies Outside the EU? The Case of Tunisia," Working Papers 135, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Economia.
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  5. Haouas, Ilham & Yagoubi, Mahmoud & Heshmati, Almas, 2002. "The Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Employment and Wages in Tunisian Industries," Working Papers UNU-WIDER Research Paper , World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
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  6. Ilham Haouas & Mahmoud Yagoubi & Almas Heshmati, 2003. "Labour-Use Efficiency in the Tunisian's Manufacturing Industries: A Flexible Adjustment Model," Documents de travail 79, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV. [Downloadable!]
  7. Gordon H. Hanson & Ann Harrison, 1999. "Trade liberalization and wage inequality in Mexico," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University, vol. 52(2), pages 271-288, January.
  8. Feenstra, Robert C & Hanson, Gordon H, 1996. "Globalization, Outsourcing, and Wage Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 240-45, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Krishna, Pravin & Mitra, Devashish & Chinoy, Sajjid, 2001. "Trade liberalization and labor demand elasticities: evidence from Turkey," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 391-409, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Rana Hasan & Devashish Mitra & K.V. Ramaswamy, 2003. "Trade Reforms, Labor Regulations and Labor-Demand Elasticities: Empirical Evidence from India," Economics Study Area Working Papers 59, East-West Center, Economics Study Area. [Downloadable!]
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