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School Quality, School Cost, and the Public/Private School Choices of Low-Income Households in Pakistan

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Author Info
Alderman, Harold
Orazem, Peter F.
Paterno, Elizabeth M.

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Abstract

Variation in school attributes, proximity, and fees across neighborhoods is used to identify factors which affect whether poor households send their children to government school, private school, or no school. Analysis shows that even the poorest households use private schools extensively, and that utilization increases with income. Lowering private school fees or distance or raising measured quality raises private school enrollments, partly by transfers from government schools and partly from enrollments of children who otherwise would not have gone to school. The strong demand for private schools is consistent with evidence of greater mathematics and language achievement in private schools than in government schools. These results strongly support an increased role for private delivery of schooling services to poor households in developing countries.

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Paper provided by Iowa State University, Department of Economics in its series Staff General Research Papers with number 1970.

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Date of creation: 20 Apr 2001
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Publication status: Published in Journal of Human Resources, Spring 2001, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 304-326.
Handle: RePEc:isu:genres:1970

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Postal: Iowa State University, Dept. of Economics, 260 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1070
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I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

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  2. Rosenzweig, Mark R. & Wolpin, Kenneth I., 1988. "Migration selectivity and the effects of public programs," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 265-289, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Hammer, Jeffrey S, 1997. "Economic Analysis for Health Projects," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 47-71, February. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Lee, Lung-Fei, 1983. "Generalized Econometric Models with Selectivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 51(2), pages 507-12, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Alderman, Harold & Watkins, Susan Cotts & Kohler, Hans-Peter & Maluccio, John A. & Behrman, Jere R., 2000. "Attrition in longitudinal household survey data," FCND briefs 96, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
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  7. Jimenez, Emmanuel & Lockheed, Marlaine E & Paqueo, Vicente, 1991. "The Relative Efficiency of Private and Public Schools in Developing Countries," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 6(2), pages 205-18, July.
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  9. Cox, Donald & Jimenez, Emmanuel, 1990. "The relative effectiveness of private and public schools : Evidence from two developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1-2), pages 99-121, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Marcel Fafchamps & Bart Minten, 2004. "Public Service Provision, User Fees, and Political Turmoil," Development and Comp Systems 0409039, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Orazem, Peter & Gunnarsson, L. Victoria, 2004. "Child Labour, School Attendance and Performance: A Review," Staff General Research Papers 11177, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Mohammad Niaz Asadullah, . "Returns to Private and Public Education in Bangladesh and Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis," QEH Working Papers qehwps167, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Jere R. Behrman & Susan W. Parker & Petra E. Todd, 2005. "Long-Term Impacts of the Oportunidades Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Rural Youth in Mexico," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 122, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  5. Newhouse, David & Beegle, Kathleen, 2005. "The effect of school type on academic achievement : evidence from Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3604, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Pablo González, 2002. "Lecciones de la investigación económica sobre el rol del sector privado en educación," Documentos de Trabajo 117, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile. [Downloadable!]
  7. Orazem, Peter & Glewwe, Paul & Patrinos, Harry, 2007. "The Benefits and Costs of Alternative Strategies to Improve Educational Outcomes," Staff General Research Papers 12853, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  8. Gustafsson-Wright, Emily & Pyne, Hnin Hnin, 2002. "Gender dimensions of child labor and street children in Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2897, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  9. Das, Jishnu & Quy-Toan Do & Ozler, Berk, 2004. "Conditional cash transfers and the equity-efficiency debate," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3280, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  10. King, Elizabeth M. & Orazem, Peter F. & Paterno, Elizabeth M., 2008. "Promotion with and without learning : effects on student enrollment and dropout behavior," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4722, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Monazza Aslam, 2003. "The Determinants of Student Achievement in Government and Private Schools in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(4), pages 841-876. [Downloadable!]
  12. David de la Croix & Matthias Doepke, 2007. "To Segregate or to Integrate: Education Politics and Democracy," NBER Working Papers 13319, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. George M. Holmes & Jeff DeSimone & Nicholas G. Rupp, 2003. "Does School Choice Increase School Quality?," NBER Working Papers 9683, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Pritchett, Lant & Filmer,Deon, 1997. "What educational production functions really show : a positive theory of education spending," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1795, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  15. Melanie Raymond & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2003. "Educational Grants Closing the Gap in Schooling Attainment between Poor and Non-Poor," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series 986, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
  16. Orazem, Peter F., 2003. "The Urban and Rural Fellowship School Experiments in Pakistan: Design, Evaluation, and Sustainability," Staff General Research Papers 10506, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  17. Orazem, Peter, 2006. "Lack of Education," Staff General Research Papers 12671, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  18. Mohammad Niaz Asadullah (Reading University), Nazmul Chaudhury (World Bank) and Amit Dar (World Bank), . "Student Achievement Conditioned Upon School Selection: Religious and Secular Secondary School Quality in Bangladesh," QEH Working Papers qehwps140, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Sosale, Shobhana, 2000. "Trends in private sector development in World Bank education projects," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2452, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  20. Alderman, Harold & Kim, Jooseop & Orazem, Peter F., 2002. "Design, Evaluation, and Sustainability of Private Schools for the Poor: The Pakistan Urban and Rural Fellowship School Experiments," Staff General Research Papers 5118, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    Other versions:
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