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The Third sector in Europe; Does it exhibit a converging movement?

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  • Edith Archambault

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MATISSE - UMR 8595 - Modélisation Appliquée, Trajectoires Institutionnelles et Stratégies Socio-Économiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

The European Union in its widening movement shows five clusters of Third sector organisations with complex bonds and ties with the surrounding societies and national identities In introduction, we compare briefly the Europe's Third sector features to North America's ones (Historical and ideological roots, relationship with central and local governments, sources of income and composition of the Third sector...) In a first part, the European Third sector is broken up into five clusters (Esping-Andersen, Salamon and Anheier) : Continental, Anglo-saxon, Nordic, Mediterranean and Oriental according to :* The relationship to the government (central/local, high/low level of taxation) * The ratio of social protection to GDP, the share of public social expenditure and the dominant type of social security regime* The main religions and their links with parts of the Third sector* The labour market situation (unemployment, flexibility, security) with a special attention devoted to female work (employment rate; full time or part time) in relation with volunteering.Then we give data issued from the Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (CNP2, Salamon et alii, 2004) on paid employment and volunteering, level and orientation of the partnership with the government, sources of income in every cluster.The second part is devoted to the question of a likely converging evolution of these clusters :* A faster growth rate in new member states makes them catch up gradually the other ones and choose "best practices" regarding social policies and social security regimes* The trend to decentralisation in larger member states combined with the retrenchment of central government is in favour of local solutions to local issues and of public-private partnerships especially with nonprofit organisations.* Despite the ambiguities of its policy towards civil society organizations, European authorities expect them filling the gap of democracy and fighting European bureaucracies.

Suggested Citation

  • Edith Archambault, 2009. "The Third sector in Europe; Does it exhibit a converging movement?," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00311749, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00311749
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00311749
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Umberto Di Maggio & Giuseppe Notarstefano, 2019. "Social and civil economy for a new paradigm of development: statistics needs and data availability in EU," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 73(1), pages 41-50, January-M.
    2. McMullin, Caitlin, 2018. "Co-production and the third sector: A comparative study of England and France," Thesis Commons 578d3, Center for Open Science.
    3. Edith Archambault, 2012. "Diversité et fragilité des associations en Europe," Post-Print halshs-00685130, HAL.
    4. Merlin-Brogniart, Céline & Fuglsang, Lars & Magnussen, Siv & Peralta, Alberto & Révész, Éva & Rønning, Rolf & Rubalcaba, Luis & Scupola, Ada, 2022. "Social innovation and public service: A literature review of multi-actor collaborative approaches in five European countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).

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