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Income and lottery sales: transfers trump income from work and wealth

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Author Info
Cletus C. Coughlin
Thomas A. Garrett

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Abstract

Previous studies have examined the effect of income on lottery ticket expenditures using an aggregate measure of income, usually personal income. Reasons exist, however, for believing that lottery expenditures do not respond equally to all sources of income. This paper examines the propensity to purchase lottery tickets from separate types of income, namely income from earnings, transfer payments, and wealth. Using county-level data for five states, we find evidence that lottery expenditures respond differently to changes in each income type, and that ticket purchases are most strongly influenced by changes in transfer payments. Several policy implications follow from our results.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in its series Working Papers with number 2008-004.

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Date of creation: 2008
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fedlwp:2008-004

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Keywords: Income ; Gambling industry;

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  1. Shefrin, Hersh M & Thaler, Richard H, 1988. "The Behavioral Life-Cycle Hypothesis," Economic Inquiry, Oxford University Press, vol. 26(4), pages 609-43, October.
  2. Hymans, Saul H. & Shapiro, Harold T., 1976. "The allocation of household income to food consumption," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 167-188, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Thomas A. Garrett & Cletus C. Coughlin, 2007. "Inter-temporal differences in the income elasticity of demand for lottery tickets," Working Papers 2007-042, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [Downloadable!]
  4. Scott, Frank & Garen, John, 1994. "Probability of purchase, amount of purchase, and the demographic incidence of the lottery tax," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 121-143, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Garrett, Thomas A. & Marsh, Thomas L., 2002. "The revenue impacts of cross-border lottery shopping in the presence of spatial autocorrelation," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 501-519, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Thaler, Richard H, 1990. "Saving, Fungibility, and Mental Accounts," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 4(1), pages 193-205, Winter. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. John Laitner, 1999. "Means Tested Public Assistance and the Demand for State Lottery Tickets," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(1), pages 273-290, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Browning, Edgar K, 1976. "The Marginal Cost of Public Funds," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 84(2), pages 283-98, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Farrell, Lisa & Morgenroth, Edgar & Walker, Ian, 1999. " A Time Series Analysis of U.K. Lottery Sales: Long and Short Run Price Elasticities," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(4), pages 513-26, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Guido W. Imbens & Donald B. Rubin & Bruce I. Sacerdote, 2001. "Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Earnings, Savings, and Consumption: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery Players," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 778-794, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Kearney, Melissa Schettini, 2005. "State lotteries and consumer behavior," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(11-12), pages 2269-2299, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Holbrook, Robert & Stafford, Frank P, 1971. "The Propensity to Consume Separate Types of Income: A Generalized Permanent Income Hypothesis," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 1-21, January.
  13. Karl Case & John Quigley & Robert Shiller, 2005. "Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus the Housing Market," Advances in Macroeconomics, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol. 5(1), pages 1235-1235. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  14. Charles T. Clotfelter & Philip J. Cook, 1988. "Implicit Taxation in Lottery Finance," NBER Working Papers 2246, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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