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Medición de la inclusión financiera en México a través de un índice multidimensional

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  • Cardoso López, Diego
  • López Cabrera, Jesús Antonio
  • Villarreal, Francisco G.

Abstract

Dada la importancia de la inclusión financiera, es necesario contar con información que ayude a medirla y evaluarla, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar un índice compuesto, utilizando la técnica multivariada del análisis de componentes principales (ACP), que permita medir el nivel de inclusión financiera individual. La ventaja de construir el índice a partir de las características de los individuos permite, por un lado, analizar la relación que guardan las dimensiones consideradas de la inclusión financiera con rasgos individuales como el sexo, la escolaridad, o el lugar de residencia, lo que en principio permite mejorar el diseño de políticas públicas para incrementar la inclusión. Por otra parte, el índice permite medir el grado de inclusión financiera de segmentos específicos de la población, facilitando su contraste con otros segmentos poblacionales, así como su evolución a través del tiempo. El índice se diferencia de otros índices disponibles porque utiliza una técnica estadística multivariada para el cálculo, así como los datos más recientes disponibles sobre inclusión financiera en México. Además, la utilización de las técnicas multivariadas permite resumir una gran cantidad de información para elaborar índice. Este documento se divide de la siguiente manera: en el capítulo I se explora el concepto de inclusión financiera y las múltiples fuentes de datos existentes y fiables sobre la inclusión financiera. También se examinan los indicadores planteados y conocidos basados en distintas técnicas, así como sus fortalezas y debilidades. En el capítulo II se expone la elección de la metodología para construir un indicador compuesto y sus ventajas. También se muestra el tratamiento que se les dio a las variables, así como la elaboración de índices simples que pudieran medir e incorporar más información a las dimensiones de uso y calidad. En el capítulo III se describen los datos que se utilizaron para la estimación. En el capítulo IV se presenta la estimación y los resultados de la investigación, mientras que en el V se muestra la validación y los posibles usos del índice. Finalmente, en el capítulo VI se presentan las conclusiones y las recomendaciones de política pública que se pueden desprender del cálculo de este indicador compuesto.

Suggested Citation

  • Cardoso López, Diego & López Cabrera, Jesús Antonio & Villarreal, Francisco G., 2023. "Medición de la inclusión financiera en México a través de un índice multidimensional," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 48996, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:48996
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other
    • G29 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Other
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • C19 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Other

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