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Determinantes económicos del salario mínimo en países pequeños y abiertos: una aplicación para Centroamérica

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  • Guerrero de Lizardi, Carlos

Abstract

En primer lugar, en el presente documento se revisa el acuerdo social respecto del trabajo y el salario mínimo, según aparece en los documentos fundadores de Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y Nicaragua. En segundo, se comparan los salarios mínimos de los países seleccionados con los que se pagan en México y China, entre 1986 y 2004. Posteriormente, para explorar con rigor los determinantes económicos de los salarios mínimos, se adapta en tercer lugar un modelo de competencia imperfecta para economías pequeñas y abiertas, y se realiza un análisis de series de tiempo. Los hallazgos indican que la variable en cuestión desempeña el papel de residuo en un sistema compuesto, además, por otras cuatro: el nivel de precios, el margen de ganancia, la productividad del trabajo, y la competitividad macroeconómica internacional, y que el impacto de las segundas sobre la primera es distinto si se opera en una economía cerrada que en una abierta. Cabe destacar que la variable clave del sistema es la productividad del trabajo, por su efecto positivo (en una economía cerrada), y más positivo (en una economía abierta) sobre los salarios, y por su asociación directa con el tipo de cambio real. La evidencia empírica recopilada sugiere entonces que es viable instrumentar una estrategia virtuosa basada en la productividad del trabajo, que permita a las empresas sostener sus márgenes de ganancia, pagar mejores salarios y mejorar su posición competitiva internacional. Economic determinants of minimum wages in small and opened economies: an application for Central Americ Abstract: Firstly, this document reviews the social agreement pertaining to work and minimum wages, as it appears in the founding documents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. Secondly, it compares the minimum wages of the selected countries with those paid in Mexico and China, between the years 1986 and 2004. Thirdly, in order to thoroughly explore the economic determinants of minimum wages, the document adapts a model of imperfect competition for small open economies, as well as a time-series analysis. The findings indicate that the variable in question plays a residual role in a system composed by the following four variables: the price level, profit margins, labour productivity and the international macroeconomic competitiveness; and that the impact on the latter determinants on the former are different depending on whether they operate in a closed or open economy. It also is worth mentioning that the key variable of the system is labour productivity due to its positive effect on wages (in a closed economy), as well as its direct linkage with the real exchange rate. The collected empirical evidence thereby indicates that it is possible to implement a virtuous strategy based on labour productivity which will allow companies to sustain their profit margins while paying better salaries and improving their international competitiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Guerrero de Lizardi, Carlos, 2009. "Determinantes económicos del salario mínimo en países pequeños y abiertos: una aplicación para Centroamérica," Estudios y Perspectivas – Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México 4897, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col031:4897
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
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    File URL: http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/4897
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    Cited by:

    1. Carlos Guerrero de Lizardi & Leonardo Lomelí Vanegas, 2017. "Reflexiones teóricas en torno a la propuesta de recuperación del poder de compra del salario mínimo en México," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 62(3), pages 958-971, Julio-Sep.
    2. Carlos Guerrero de Lizardi & Leonardo Lomelí Vanegas, 2017. "Theoretical considerations on the proposed of recovery of purchasing power of the minimum wage in Mexico," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 62(3), pages 972-984, Julio-Sep.

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