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"Eigenversorgung mit Solarstrom" - ein Treiber der Energiewende?

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  • Nils May
  • Karsten Neuhoff

Abstract

Der Anteil der Solarenergie an der Stromversorgung in Deutschland hat sich rasant entwickelt, von weniger als einem Prozent in 2008 auf 5,7% in 2014. Die große Kostendegression in dem Zeitraum zog starke Vergütungssatzsenkungen nach sich. Seit circa 2012 liegt diese Vergütung unter dem Strombezugspreis von Haushalten (die sogenannte „Netzparität“). Dieses hat zur Folge, dass Haushalte mit Photovoltaik (PV)-Anlagen ihren produzierten Strom lieber selbst verbrauchen als ihn ins Netz abzugeben (Eigenversorgung). Da dieses attraktiver ist als den Strom unter EEG-Vergütung ins Netz einzuspeisen, ist heute ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der PV-Förderung darauf basierend, dass Haushalte durchden Eigenverbrauch (EV) ihre Ausgaben für den Strombezug senken. Haushalte erhöhen ihren EV-Anteil weiter, indem sie Batteriespeicher einsetzen und ihre Stromnachfrage ihrer eigenen Stromerzeugung anpassen. Dieses hat potentiell eine Reihe von Vorteilen für die Allgemeinheit: Die Netze werden weniger ausgelastet und der Haushaltsstromverbrauch ist erstmals angepasst an das eigene Stromangebot). Außerdem unterstützt das neue Segment der „Prosumer“ die Akzeptanz der Energiewende insgesamt. Zugleich entstehen Anreizen für Anlagenbetreiber, ihre Batteriespeicher, ihren Stromverbrauch und die PV-Anlagengröße so auszulegen und zu betreiben, dass ein möglichst hoher EV-Anteil entsteht. Dieses muss aber nicht mit einem volkswirtschaftlichen Optimum übereinstimmen, bei dem auch der jeweilige Strompreis und Auswirkungen auf Netzengpässe bedacht werden. Außerdem kann die EV-optimierte Wahl der Anlagengröße dazu führen, dass PV Anlagen zu klein dimensioniert und damit Dachflächenpotentiale für PV-Panels nicht effektiv genutzt werden. Auch wird debattiert, ob Gemeinkosten wie Netzkosten derzeit fair verteilt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird derzeit debattiert wie die Regelungen für PVEigenverbrauch in Zukunft gestaltet werden können

Suggested Citation

  • Nils May & Karsten Neuhoff, 2016. ""Eigenversorgung mit Solarstrom" - ein Treiber der Energiewende?," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 89, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwrup:89de
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    File URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.523542.de/DIW_Roundup_89_de.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luthander, Rasmus & Widén, Joakim & Nilsson, Daniel & Palm, Jenny, 2015. "Photovoltaic self-consumption in buildings: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 80-94.
    2. Wolf-Peter Schill & Jochen Diekmann & Alexander Zerrahn, 2015. "Stromspeicher: eine wichtige Option für die Energiewende," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(10), pages 195-205.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dr. Markus Flaute & Anett Großmann & Dr. Christian Lutz, 2016. "Gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte von Prosumer-Haushalten in Deutschland," GWS Discussion Paper Series 16-5, GWS - Institute of Economic Structures Research.
    2. Oberst, Christian A. & Schmitz, Hendrik & Madlener, Reinhard, 2019. "Are Prosumer Households That Much Different? Evidence From Stated Residential Energy Consumption in Germany," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 101-115.
    3. Daniel Fett & Dogan Keles & Thomas Kaschub & Wolf Fichtner, 2019. "Impacts of self-generation and self-consumption on German household electricity prices," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 89(7), pages 867-891, September.
    4. Aniello, Gianmarco & Shamon, Hawal & Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm, 2021. "Micro-economic assessment of residential PV and battery systems: The underrated role of financial and fiscal aspects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    5. Klingler, Anna-Lena, 2017. "Self-consumption with PV+Battery systems: A market diffusion model considering individual consumer behaviour and preferences," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1560-1570.

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