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El Proceso De Identificación De Víctimas De Los Conflictos Civiles: Una Evaluación Para La Población Desplazada En Colombia

Author

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  • Ana María Ibánez
  • Andrea Velásquez

Abstract

El impacto del desplazamiento sobre el bienestar de los hogares genera vulnerabilidades que deben ser atendidas por políticas especialmente dirigidas a este grupo de la población. Sin embargo, las dinámicas del desplazamiento forzoso imponen restos importantes al momento de disenar las políticas necesarias. En casos de conflictos de baja intensidad, como es el caso colombiano, el principal reto se presenta en el momento de identificar la población desplazada. Dado que la mayoría de los desplazamientos ocurren de forma individual, un sistema de asistencia basado en mecanismos de oferta implica costos muy altos. En Colombia, el Sistema Único de Registro (SUR) es el encargado de la asistencia a la población desplazada. El SUR es un sistema basado en mecanismos de demanda en el que la población desplazada debe acudir a las oficinas del gobierno para poder acceder a la asistencia estatal. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar dicho sistema e identificar en qué medida los mecanismos de demanda pueden excluir grupos particulares de la población desplazada, a partir de una encuesta de hogares aplicada a 2.322 hogares desplazadas ubicados en 48 municipios y 21 departamentos de Colombia. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, la investigación analiza en qué medida los sistemas de ayuda basados en mecanismos de demanda pueden excluir grupos particulares de la población objetivo; examina las características de los hogares que influyen sobre la decisión de declarar y la inscripción en el SUR; y, determina la medida en la que la exclusión depende de las decisiones del hogar en la etapa de declaración o de decisiones institucionales en la etapa de registro. Los resultados muestran que la exclusión depende en gran medida de las decisiones del hogar y en menor medida de determinantes institucionales. La decisión de declarar depende en gran parte de la vulnerabilidad de los hogares después del desplazamiento, del estatus económico en el municipio de origen, y del proceso de migración.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana María Ibánez & Andrea Velásquez, 2006. "El Proceso De Identificación De Víctimas De Los Conflictos Civiles: Una Evaluación Para La Población Desplazada En Colombia," Documentos CEDE 2537, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:002537
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Collier, Paul & Hoeffler, Anke, 1998. "On Economic Causes of Civil War," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 50(4), pages 563-573, October.
    2. Jairo Núnez & Silvia Espinosa, 2005. "Exclusión E Incidencia Del Gasto Social," Documentos CEDE 2687, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Jean-Paul Azam & Anke Hoeffler, 2002. "Violence Against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 39(4), pages 461-485, July.
    4. Thomas G. Weiss, 1999. "Whither International Efforts for Internally Displaced Persons?," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 36(3), pages 363-373, May.
    5. Ana María Ibánez & Andrés Moya, 2006. "¿Cómo El Desplazamiento Forzado Deteriora El Bienestar De Los Hogares Desplazados?: Análisis Y Determinantes Del Bienestar En Los Municipios De Recepción," Documentos CEDE 3789, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    6. Stephen C. Lubkemann, 2005. "Migratory Coping in Wartime Mozambique: An Anthropology of Violence and Displacement in ‘Fragmented Wars’," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 42(4), pages 493-508, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura H. Atuesta & Dusan Paredes, 2014. "Do Mexicans flee from violence? The effects of drug-related violence on migration decisions in Mexico," Documentos de Trabajo en Economia y Ciencia Regional 53, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Chile, Department of Economics, revised Jul 2014.
    2. Millán-Quijano, Jaime & Pulgarín, Sebastián, 2023. "Oiling up the field. Forced internal displacement and the expansion of palm oil in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere & Kate Wharton, 2013. "The Impact of Conflict on Education Attainment and Enrollment in Colombia: lessons from recent IDPs," HiCN Working Papers 141, Households in Conflict Network.
    4. Ana María Ibañez & Andrés Moya, 2010. "Do Conflicts Create Poverty Traps? Asset Losses and Recovery for Displaced Households in Colombia," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Crime: Lessons For and From Latin America, pages 137-172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mecanismos de demanda; migración forzada; focalización; conflicto civil;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions

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