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Un indicateur de politique d’ouverture « révélée » des pays industrialisés à l’immigration en provenance des pays en développement

Author

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  • Matthieu BOUSSICHAS

    (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International(CERDI))

  • Michaël GOUJON

    (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International(CERDI))

Abstract

La politique d’ouverture aux flux migratoires en provenance des pays en développement est un des éléments importants des débats relatifs à l’immigration dans les pays industrialisés. Or, il n’existe pas à l’heure actuelle d’indicateurs satisfaisant de cette politique d’ouverture, permettant d’évaluer le caractère plus ou moins restrictif de la politique. Nous proposons ici un indicateur de politique d’ouverture « révélée », mesuré par l’écart entre les flux d’immigration observés et les flux d’immigration « normaux » qui résulteraient des facteurs structurels économiques, géographiques et culturels des migrations. Cet indicateur est un indicateur synthétique et relatif, permettant de comparer les différentes politiques des pays dans le temps. Nous construisons cet indicateur pour 21 pays industrialisés, en utilisant des données de l’OCDE sur les flux de migration annuels couvrant la période 1990-2006. L’indicateur permet de distinguer les pays qui appliquent des politiques relativement ouvertes ou restrictives. L’évolution temporelle de l’indicateur est analysée pour certains pays à la lumière des changements officiels de politique. ABSTRACT: The policy of openness toward immigration from developing countries is strongly debated in the industrialized countries. Existing indicators of immigration policy are however unsatisfactory because they don’t allow to assess the restrictiveness or openness of immigration policies of industrialized countries. In this paper we build an indicator of the « revealed » openness policy to migration by computing the difference between the observed migration flows and the « predicted » migration flows that depend on economical, geographical and cultural structural determinants of migration. Using OECD’s annual data on migrations, the indicator is built for 21 industrialized countries over the period 1990-2006, allowing us to compare policies between countries and throughout the years. We can now distinguish countries with relatively closed migration policies from those with relatively opened policies. Then, we compare the changes in the indicator with the official changes in the migration policy for some countries over the period 1990-2006.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthieu BOUSSICHAS & Michaël GOUJON, 2009. "Un indicateur de politique d’ouverture « révélée » des pays industrialisés à l’immigration en provenance des pays en développement," Working Papers 200935, CERDI.
  • Handle: RePEc:cdi:wpaper:1147
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    Keywords

    Migrations internationales; Politique migratoire; Ouverture;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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