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Pagos electrónicos y uso del efectivo en los comercios colombianos 2020

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos A. Arango-Arango
  • Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García
  • Manuela Restrepo-Bernal
  • Germán Zuluaga-Giraldo

Abstract

Con el fin de estudiar la dinámica reciente de los pagos electrónicos en Colombia, el Banco de la República llevó a cabo en el año 2020 una encuesta al sector comercio en donde se analizan diferentes aspectos de la aceptación y uso de distintos instrumentos de pago. La encuesta revela altos niveles de aceptación de instrumentos de pago electrónicos frente a estudios anteriores, alcanzando el 50% de los comercios encuestados. Se destaca en particular una superación de barreras en la informalidad pues, uno de cada dos comercios informales acepta hoy en día alguna forma de pago electrónico. Dado el contexto en el que se llevó a cabo la encuesta, se realizó un módulo de preguntas relacionadas con el período de pandemia asociada al COVID-19, observándose que ésta ha favorecido la adopción de instrumentos y canales electrónicos por parte de los establecimientos de comercio para facilitar los pagos de los clientes, especialmente los no presenciales. A pesar de la creciente disponibilidad y aceptación de instrumentos y canales de pago electrónicos, el efectivo sigue dominando los pagos en las ventas de los comercios, principalmente por el bajo uso de estos medios electrónicos por parte de los consumidores. Por su parte, los comercios encuestados reportaron que el 77% de sus gastos de funcionamiento se hacen en efectivo y que las transferencias bancarias dominan los pagos electrónicos; siendo los micro comercios los que tienen la mayor dependencia del efectivo (95,7%), principalmente para hacer sus pagos de nómina. De esta manera, los resultados señalan que los pagos electrónicos siguen siendo bajos, a pesar de la creciente adopción de servicios de pago electrónicos. **** ABSTRACT: To study the recent dynamics of electronic payments in Colombia, Banco de la República carried out in 2020 a survey of the commerce sector on acceptance and usage of different payment instruments. The survey reveals merchants´ high levels of acceptance of electronic payment instruments compared to previous studies, reaching 50% of the businesses surveyed. Overcoming informality barriers stands out, since one out of every two informal businesses now accept electronic payments. Given the context in which the survey was carried out, it included a set of questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the pandemic has favored the adoption of electronic instruments and channels by merchants, facilitating customer payments, especially remote ones. Despite the increasing availability and acceptance of electronic payment instruments and channels, cash continues to dominate merchants´ sales, mainly due to the low use of electronic payment methods by consumers. On the other hand, the surveyed businesses reported that 77% of their operating expenses are made in cash and that bank transfers dominate their electronic payments. Micro-businesses have the greatest dependence on cash (95.7%) for their operational expenses like payroll. The results indicate that electronic payments remain low, despite the growing adoption of electronic payment services by merchants.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Yanneth Rocío Betancourt-García & Manuela Restrepo-Bernal & Germán Zuluaga-Giraldo, 2021. "Pagos electrónicos y uso del efectivo en los comercios colombianos 2020," Borradores de Economia 1180, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1180
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1180
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carlos A. Arango-Arango & Fernando Arias-Rodríguez & Norberto Rodríguez-Niño & Nicolás F. Suárez-Ariza & Héctor M. Zárate-Solano, 2020. "Efectivo y Pagos Electrónicos," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 93, pages 1-76, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arango-Arango, Carlos A. & Betancourt-García, Yanneth Rocío & Restrepo-Bernal, Manuela, 2022. "An application of the tourist test to Colombian merchants," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(4).
    2. Hernando Vargas, 2022. "Some thoughts about the issuance of a retail CBDC in Colombia," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), CBDCs in emerging market economies, volume 123, pages 49-64, Bank for International Settlements.

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    1. Arango-Arango, Carlos A. & Betancourt-García, Yanneth Rocío & Restrepo-Bernal, Manuela, 2022. "An application of the tourist test to Colombian merchants," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(4).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Efectivo; instrumentos de pago; pagos electrónicos; tarjetas de pago; comercios; Cash; payment instruments; electronic payments; payment cards; merchants;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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