IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bca/bocawp/19-26.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

An Application of Shapley Value Cost Allocation to Liquidity Savings Mechanisms

Author

Listed:
  • Rod Garratt

Abstract

Liquidity demands in real-time gross settlement payment systems can be enormous. To reduce the liquidity requirement, central banks around the world have implemented liquidity savings mechanisms (LSMs). The most effective LSMs are those that economize on liquidity needs by matching offsetting payments that have been submitted to a central queue and settling these payments using only the liquidity needed to cover the net obligations. Maximizing the value of payments settled in a queue given available liquidity is computationally difficult. Existing centralized queuing systems do not always meet this objective. Even when they do, the resulting outcome does not necessarily maximize system welfare. This paper seeks to improve upon existing centralized netting queues by making two fundamental changes. First, instead of making decisions on how much liquidity to provide to the queue before netting arrangements are determined, banks receive take-it-or-leave-it offers that determine which of their payments will be settled as well as their share of the liquidity cost. Second, rather than attempting to maximize the value or volume of payments settled in the queue, I propose using information regarding the instantaneous benefits and costs of participants to define a welfare measure for any set of netted payments. The full benefits of these two changes are realized through an application of the Shapley value cost allocation method, which ensures welfare maximizing netting proposals are always accepted.

Suggested Citation

  • Rod Garratt, 2019. "An Application of Shapley Value Cost Allocation to Liquidity Savings Mechanisms," Staff Working Papers 19-26, Bank of Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:19-26
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/swp2019-26.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rod Garratt & Antoine Martin & James J. McAndrews, 2014. "Turnover in Fedwire Funds Has Dropped Considerably since the Crisis, but It's Okay," Liberty Street Economics 20140825, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    2. Angelini, Paolo, 1998. "An analysis of competitive externalities in gross settlement systems," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Morten L. Bech & Rodney J. Garratt, 2012. "Illiquidity in the Interbank Payment System Following Wide-Scale Disruptions," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(5), pages 903-929, August.
    4. Ball, Alan & Denbee, Edward & Manning, Mark & Wetherilt, Anne, 2011. "Financial Stability Paper No 11: Intraday Liquidity - Risk and Regulation," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 11, Bank of England.
    5. Lindsay, Luke, 2018. "Shapley value based pricing for auctions and exchanges," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 170-181.
    6. Morten L. Bech, 2008. "Intraday liquidity management: a tale of games banks play," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 7-23.
    7. Davey, Nick & Gray, Daniel, 2014. "How has the Liquidity Saving Mechanism reduced banks’ intraday liquidity costs in CHAPS?," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 54(2), pages 180-189.
    8. Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 1996. "Interbank lending and systemic risk," Proceedings, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), pages 733-765.
    9. Chakravorti, Sujit, 2000. "Analysis of systemic risk in multilateral net settlement systems," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 9-30, January.
    10. Norman, Ben, 2010. "Financial Stability Paper No 7: Liquidity Saving in Real-Time Gross Settlement Systems - an Overview," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 7, Bank of England.
    11. Roth, Ae & Verrecchia, Re, 1979. "Shapley Value As Applied To Cost Allocation - Reinterpretation," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(1), pages 295-303.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jushua Baldoceda & Anthony Meza, 2022. "Liquidity Risk and Interdependence in Payment Systems: The Case of Peru," IHEID Working Papers 01-2022, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    2. Christopher McMahon & Donald McGillivray & Ajit Desai & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Jean-Paul Lam & Thomas Lo & Danica Marsden & Vladimir Skavysh, 2022. "Improving the Efficiency of Payments Systems Using Quantum Computing," Staff Working Papers 22-53, Bank of Canada.
    3. Pablo S. Castro & Ajit Desai & Han Du & Rodney Garratt & Francisco Rivadeneyra, 2021. "Estimating Policy Functions in Payments Systems Using Reinforcement Learning," Staff Working Papers 21-7, Bank of Canada.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. De Caux, Robert & Brede, Markus & McGroarty, Frank, 2016. "Payment prioritisation and liquidity risk in collateralised interbank payment systems," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 139-150.
    2. Galbiati, Marco & Soramäki, Kimmo, 2011. "An agent-based model of payment systems," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 859-875, June.
    3. Tore Nilssen, 2011. "Risk externalities in a payments oligopoly," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 10(3), pages 211-234, December.
    4. Callado-Muñoz, Francisco José, 2009. "Risk control measures in payment systems," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 1-25, February.
    5. Mark J Manning & Matthew Willison, 2006. "Modelling the cross-border use of collateral in payment systems," Bank of England working papers 286, Bank of England.
    6. Devriese, Johan & Mitchell, Janet, 2006. "Liquidity risk in securities settlement," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1807-1834, June.
    7. Denbee, Edward & Garratt, Rodney & Zimmerman, Peter, 2014. "Variations in liquidity provision in real-time payment systems," Bank of England working papers 513, Bank of England.
    8. Kahn, Charles M. & Roberds, William, 2009. "Why pay? An introduction to payments economics," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 1-23, January.
    9. Ben R. Craig & Falko Fecht, 2011. "Substitution between net and gross settlement systems: A concern for financial stability?," Working Papers (Old Series) 1132, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    10. Leinonen, Harry, 2009. "Simulation analyses and stress testing of payment networks," Scientific Monographs, Bank of Finland, number 2009_042.
    11. repec:zbw:bofism:2009_042 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Maddaloni, Giuseppe, 2015. "Liquidity risk and policy options," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 514-527.
    13. Evangelos Benos & Rodney J. Garratt & Peter Zimmerman, 2014. "The Role of Counterparty Risk in CHAPS Following the Collapse of Lehman Brothers," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 10(4), pages 143-172, December.
    14. VanHoose, David, 2011. "Systemic Risk and Macroprudential Bank Regulation: A Critical Appraisal," Journal of Financial Transformation, Capco Institute, vol. 33, pages 45-60.
    15. Alexandrova-Kabadjova Biliana & Solís-Robleda Francisco, 2012. "The Mexican Experience in How the Settlement of Large Payments is Performed in the Presence of a High Volume of Small Payments," Working Papers 2012-17, Banco de México.
    16. Davey, Nick & Gray, Daniel, 2014. "How has the Liquidity Saving Mechanism reduced banks’ intraday liquidity costs in CHAPS?," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 54(2), pages 180-189.
    17. Shaun Byck & Ronald Heijmans, 2020. "How much liquidity would a liquidity-saving mechanism save if a liquidity-saving mechanism could save liquidity? A simulation approach for Canada's large-value payment system Shaun Byck," Working Papers 682, DNB.
    18. Dr. Robert Oleschak & Dr. Thomas Nellen, 2013. "Does SIC need a heart pacemaker?," Working Papers 2013-10, Swiss National Bank.
    19. Nellen, Thomas, 2019. "Intraday liquidity facilities, late settlement fee and coordination," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 124-131.
    20. Jiajia, Liu & Kun, Guo & Fangcheng, Tang & Yahan, Wang & Shouyang, Wang, 2023. "The effect of the disposal of non-performing loans on interbank liquidity risk in China: A cash flow network-based analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 105-119.
    21. Olivier Armantier & Jeffrey Arnold & James J. McAndrews, 2008. "Changes in the timing distribution of Fedwire funds transfers," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 14(Sep), pages 83-112.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Payment clearing and settlement systems;

    JEL classification:

    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:19-26. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bocgvca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.