IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2105.07248.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

ESG, Risk, and (Tail) Dependence

Author

Listed:
  • Karoline Bax
  • Ozge Sahin
  • Claudia Czado
  • Sandra Paterlini

Abstract

While environmental, social, and governance (ESG) trading activity has been a distinctive feature of financial markets, the debate if ESG scores can also convey information regarding a company's riskiness remains open. Regulatory authorities, such as the European Banking Authority (EBA), have acknowledged that ESG factors can contribute to risk. Therefore, it is important to model such risks and quantify what part of a company's riskiness can be attributed to the ESG scores. This paper aims to question whether ESG scores can be used to provide information on (tail) riskiness. By analyzing the (tail) dependence structure of companies with a range of ESG scores, that is within an ESG rating class, using high-dimensional vine copula modelling, we are able to show that risk can also depend on and be directly associated with a specific ESG rating class. Empirical findings on real-world data show positive not negligible ESG risks determined by ESG scores, especially during the 2008 crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Karoline Bax & Ozge Sahin & Claudia Czado & Sandra Paterlini, 2021. "ESG, Risk, and (Tail) Dependence," Papers 2105.07248, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2105.07248
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.07248
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jondeau, Eric & Rockinger, Michael, 2003. "Testing for differences in the tails of stock-market returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 559-581, December.
    2. Aas, Kjersti & Czado, Claudia & Frigessi, Arnoldo & Bakken, Henrik, 2009. "Pair-copula constructions of multiple dependence," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(2), pages 182-198, April.
    3. repec:dau:papers:123456789/2332 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Gunnar Friede, 2019. "Why don't we see more action? A metasynthesis of the investor impediments to integrate environmental, social, and governance factors," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(6), pages 1260-1282, September.
    5. Thierry Ane & Cecile Kharoubi, 2003. "Dependence Structure and Risk Measure," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 76(3), pages 411-438, July.
    6. Léopold Djoutsa Wamba & Jean‐Michel Sahut & Eric Braune & Frédéric Teulon, 2020. "Does the optimization of a company's environmental performance reduce its systematic risk? New evidence from European listed companies," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(4), pages 1677-1694, July.
    7. Kim, Yongtae & Li, Haidan & Li, Siqi, 2014. "Corporate social responsibility and stock price crash risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1-13.
    8. N. C. Ashwin Kumar & Camille Smith & Leïla Badis & Nan Wang & Paz Ambrosy & Rodrigo Tavares, 2016. "ESG factors and risk-adjusted performance: a new quantitative model," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(4), pages 292-300, October.
    9. Y. Malevergne & V. Pisarenko & D. Sornette, 2005. "Empirical distributions of stock returns: between the stretched exponential and the power law?," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(4), pages 379-401.
    10. Joe, Harry, 2005. "Asymptotic efficiency of the two-stage estimation method for copula-based models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(2), pages 401-419, June.
    11. Capelle-Blancard, Gunther & Crifo, Patricia & Diaye, Marc-Arthur & Oueghlissi, Rim & Scholtens, Bert, 2019. "Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 156-169.
    12. Bryan Kelly & Hao Jiang, 2014. "Editor's Choice Tail Risk and Asset Prices," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(10), pages 2841-2871.
    13. Nofsinger, John & Varma, Abhishek, 2014. "Socially responsible funds and market crises," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 180-193.
    14. Moinak Maiti, 2021. "Is ESG the succeeding risk factor?," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(3), pages 199-213, July.
    15. R. Cont, 2001. "Empirical properties of asset returns: stylized facts and statistical issues," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 223-236.
    16. Bae, Kee-Hong & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane & Kwok, Chuck C.Y. & Zheng, Ying, 2019. "Does corporate social responsibility reduce the costs of high leverage? Evidence from capital structure and product market interactions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 135-150.
    17. Vuong, Quang H, 1989. "Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-nested Hypotheses," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 307-333, March.
    18. Gregor Dorfleitner & Gerhard Halbritter & Mai Nguyen, 2016. "The risk of social responsibility -- is it systematic?," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 1-14, January.
    19. Dißmann, J. & Brechmann, E.C. & Czado, C. & Kurowicka, D., 2013. "Selecting and estimating regular vine copulae and application to financial returns," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 52-69.
    20. Cécile Kharoubi & Thierry Ané, 2003. "Dependance Structure and Risk Measure," Post-Print halshs-00165144, HAL.
    21. Chan, Pak To & Walter, Terry, 2014. "Investment performance of “environmentally-friendly” firms and their initial public offers and seasoned equity offers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 177-188.
    22. Gormley, Todd A. & Matsa, David A. & Milbourn, Todd, 2013. "CEO compensation and corporate risk: Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 79-101.
    23. Sonali Bhattacharya & Dipasha Sharma, 2019. "Do environment, social and governance performance impact credit ratings: a study from India," International Journal of Ethics and Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(3), pages 466-484, June.
    24. Puccetti Giovanni & Scherer Matthias, 2018. "Copulas, credit portfolios, and the broken heart syndrome," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 114-130, June.
    25. Auer, Benjamin R. & Schuhmacher, Frank, 2016. "Do socially (ir)responsible investments pay? New evidence from international ESG data," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 51-62.
    26. Qing Xu & Xiao-Ming Li, 2009. "Estimation of dynamic asymmetric tail dependences: an empirical study on Asian developed futures markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 273-290.
    27. Abootaleb Shirvani & Dimitri Volchenkov, 2019. "A Regulated Market Under Sanctions: On Tail Dependence Between Oil, Gold, and Tehran Stock Exchange Index," Papers 1911.01826, arXiv.org.
    28. Breuer, Wolfgang & Müller, Torbjörn & Rosenbach, David & Salzmann, Astrid, 2018. "Corporate social responsibility, investor protection, and cost of equity: A cross-country comparison," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 34-55.
    29. Todd A. Gormley & David A. Matsa, 2011. "Growing Out of Trouble? Corporate Responses to Liability Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(8), pages 2781-2821.
    30. Li, Xiaorong & Wang, Steven Shuye & Wang, Xue, 2017. "Trust and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 74-91.
    31. Stöber, Jakob & Joe, Harry & Czado, Claudia, 2013. "Simplified pair copula constructions—Limitations and extensions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 101-118.
    32. Hobæk Haff, Ingrid, 2012. "Comparison of estimators for pair-copula constructions," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 91-105.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bax, Karoline & Sahin, Özge & Czado, Claudia & Paterlini, Sandra, 2023. "ESG, risk, and (tail) dependence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    2. Hobæk Haff, Ingrid & Aas, Kjersti & Frigessi, Arnoldo & Lacal, Virginia, 2016. "Structure learning in Bayesian Networks using regular vines," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 186-208.
    3. Michael Shafer & Edward Szado, 2020. "Environmental, social, and governance practices and perceived tail risk," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(4), pages 4195-4224, December.
    4. Brechmann Eike Christain & Czado Claudia, 2013. "Risk management with high-dimensional vine copulas: An analysis of the Euro Stoxx 50," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 30(4), pages 307-342, December.
    5. Özge Sahin & Karoline Bax & Claudia Czado & Sandra Paterlini, 2022. "Environmental, Social, Governance scores and the Missing pillar—Why does missing information matter?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(5), pages 1782-1798, September.
    6. Yousaf Ali Khan, 2022. "Modeling Dependent Structure Among Micro-Economics Variables Through COPAR (1)-Model in Pakistan," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 20(1), pages 257-279, March.
    7. Kjersti Aas, 2016. "Pair-Copula Constructions for Financial Applications: A Review," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-15, October.
    8. Stöber, Jakob & Czado, Claudia, 2014. "Regime switches in the dependence structure of multidimensional financial data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 672-686.
    9. Mikhail Semenov & Daulet Smagulov, 2017. "Portfolio Risk Assessment using Copula Models," Papers 1707.03516, arXiv.org.
    10. Zhu, Kailun & Kurowicka, Dorota, 2022. "Regular vines with strongly chordal pattern of (conditional) independence," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    11. Chen, Zhimin & Ibragimov, Rustam, 2019. "One country, two systems? The heavy-tailedness of Chinese A- and H- share markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 115-141.
    12. Malik, Ihtisham A. & Chowdhury, Hasibul & Alam, Md Samsul, 2023. "Equity market response to natural disasters: Does firm's corporate social responsibility make difference?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. Nagler, Thomas & Czado, Claudia, 2016. "Evading the curse of dimensionality in nonparametric density estimation with simplified vine copulas," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 69-89.
    14. Apergis, Nicholas & Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Wang, Shixuan, 2020. "Dependence structure in the Australian electricity markets: New evidence from regular vine copulae," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    15. Jinyu Zhang & Kang Gao & Yong Li & Qiaosen Zhang, 2022. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation Methods for Copula Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 60(1), pages 99-124, June.
    16. Monica Billio & Michele Costola & Iva Hristova & Carmelo Latino & Loriana Pelizzon, 2021. "Inside the ESG ratings: (Dis)agreement and performance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(5), pages 1426-1445, September.
    17. Koliai, Lyes, 2016. "Extreme risk modeling: An EVT–pair-copulas approach for financial stress tests," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-22.
    18. Andrej Stenšin & Daumantas Bloznelis, 2022. "Copulas and Portfolios in the Electric Vehicle Sector," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, March.
    19. Brechmann, Eike C. & Hendrich, Katharina & Czado, Claudia, 2013. "Conditional copula simulation for systemic risk stress testing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 722-732.
    20. Dalla Valle, Luciana & De Giuli, Maria Elena & Tarantola, Claudia & Manelli, Claudio, 2016. "Default probability estimation via pair copula constructions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(1), pages 298-311.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2105.07248. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.