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Estimating the Effects of Selected Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on U.S.-EU Agricultural Trade

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  • Arita, Shawn
  • Mitchell, Lorraine
  • Beckman, Jayson

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of selected sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) on agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). It identifies data, methodological, and conceptual challenges to quantify such non-tariff measures (NTM) in the context of free-trade agreements. An empirical strategy combining market analysis with gravity model econometric methods is used to quantify the extent of protection afforded by major NTMs in U.S.-EU agricultural trade. In most of the commodities investigated with specific SPS/TBT concerns, estimated ad valorem tariff equivalents (AVE) of NTMs were found to be considerably higher than existing tariffs. EU NTMs on U.S. poultry, pork, and corn were found to have the most trade-impeding effects, with estimated AVE effects of 102, 81, and 79 percent, respectively; EU NTMs on U.S. beef, vegetables, and fruits were also found to be significant. The AVE effect of U.S. NTMs on EU exports ranges from 37 percent for vegetables to 45 percent for fruits.

Suggested Citation

  • Arita, Shawn & Mitchell, Lorraine & Beckman, Jayson, 2015. "Estimating the Effects of Selected Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on U.S.-EU Agricultural Trade," Economic Research Report 212887, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uersrr:212887
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.212887
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    2. Herman, Peter & Ahmed, Lesley, 2018. "Do Canadian Wheat Grades Weight Down Trade? A Gravity Analysis," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274274, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Banda, Chikumbutso & Kalaba, Mmatlou, 2021. "The Effects of Asymmetric Regulatory Measures on North-South Trade: A Case of South African Beef Exports to the European Union," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315849, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Bo Xiong & John C. Beghin, 2018. "TTIP and agricultural trade: The case of tariff elimination and pesticide policy cooperation," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 495-508, June.
    5. Bossoma Doriane N’DOUA, 2022. "The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures on Trade in the Forest-Wood-Paper Sector," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2022-01, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).
    6. Alina ALEXOAEI & Valentin COJANU, 2017. "Negotiating the Transatlantic deal: focus on the EU's domestic constraints," CES Working Papers, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 9(3), pages 233-254, October.
    7. Cororaton, Caesar B. & Orden, David, 2016. "Potential Economic Effects of the Reduction in Agricultural and Nonagricultural Trade Barriers in the Transatlantic and Investment Partnership," Proceedings Issues, 2016: Climate Change and International Agricultural Trade in the Aftermath of COP21, December 11-13, 2016, Scottsdale, Arizona 252425, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    8. Grant, Jason & Arita, Shawn, 2017. "Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary Measures: Assessment, Measurement, and Impact," Commissioned Papers 259417, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    9. Lorena Tudela-Marco & Jose Maria Garcia-Alvarez-Coque & Luisa Martí-Selva, 2017. "Do EU Member States Apply Food Standards Uniformly? A Look at Fruit and Vegetable Safety Notifications," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(2), pages 387-405, March.
    10. Jelliffe, Jeremy & Gerval, Adam & Husby, Megan & Jarrell, Philip & Williams, Brian, 2023. "United Kingdom Agricultural Production and Trade Policy Post-Brexit," USDA Miscellaneous 333547, United States Department of Agriculture.
    11. Maria C. De Matteis & T. Edward Yu & Christopher N. Boyer & Karen L. DeLong, 2019. "Analyzing determinants of US distillers dried grains with solubles exports," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(2), pages 168-181, April.
    12. Mahdi Ghodsi & Julia Grübler & Oliver Reiter & Robert Stehrer, 2017. "The Evolution of Non-Tariff Measures and their Diverse Effects on Trade," wiiw Research Reports 419, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    13. Beckman, Jayson & Dyck, John & Heerman, Kari, 2017. "The Global Landscape of Agricultural Trade, 1995-2014," Economic Information Bulletin 265270, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    14. Countryman Amanda M & Muhammad Andrew, 2017. "The Effects of T-TIP Market Access Reform on EU Beef Import Demand," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, January.
    15. David Karemera & Bo Xiong & Louis Whitesides, 2020. "A State‐Level Analysis of the Impact of a U.S.‐EU Harmonization of Food Safety Standards on U.S. Exports of Fruits and Vegetables," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 42(4), pages 856-869, December.
    16. Bossoma Doriane N'Doua, 2022. "The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures on Trade in the Forest-Wood-Paper Sector," Working Papers hal-03573168, HAL.
    17. Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda, & Agnieszka Sapa, 2017. "Potential Trade Effects Of Tariff Liberalization Under The Transatlantic Trade And Investment Partnership (Ttip) For The Eu Agri-Food Sector," Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland, vol. 44(2), June.

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