The Evolution of Molecule System and the Systemic Risks

Clearly, the biological notion of the multi-cellular organism entailing multi-level evolution in terms of computational complexityComputational complexity is helpful for understanding society. This perspective enables the identification of the institutional factors and integrative character of modern evolving system s. The computational complexity, which is based on algorithms, engenders the possibility of the complex emergence of higher orders of institutions based on cooperation. In the case of the economy, the notion of “Markomata ” propounded by Mirowski (J Econ Behav Organ 63(2):209–242, 2007) plays a decisive role. Accordingly, the existence and competition between hierarchical economic institutions also implies problems of computational complexity, again with no definite direction or outcome as a likely result. Evolution itself is a profoundly complex process, and so it is when it happens to economic institutions. Economic institutions must serve as the coordinating device. Conversely, this device will function as a sensor mechanism for sustaining the underlying system. We have witnessed a number of debates centering on the polarity between KeynesianKeynesian and HayekianHayekian economic theories and on a “command and control” perspective versus an “unregulated market” perspective. A contemporary biologist, David Sloan Wilson, has proposed “e’v’onomics” (Wilson in Stop crying about the size of government. Start caring about who controls it. The Role of the State in the Economy, 2016) that highlights the significance of the multi-cellular organism. A multi-cellular organismMulti-cellular organism is composed of trillions of cells that must be healthy at the cellular and organ levels for the multi-cellular organism to be healthy. In the same way, for a large-scale human society to work well, it must be organized as smaller-scale units that work well and are properly coordinated for the benefit of the whole. Clearly, the biological notion of the multi-cellular organism entailing multi-level evolutionMulti-level evolution in terms of computational complexity is helpful for understanding society.