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Ursachen der Schattenwirtschaft in den OECD-Staaten

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  • Enste, Dominik

Abstract

Über das Ausmaß und das Wachstum der Schattenwirtschaft sowie über die Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Schwarzarbeit wird kontrovers diskutiert. Neue Schätzungen und Analysen belegen, dass härtere Strafen und stärkere Kontrollen eine Ausweitung der Schattenwirtschaft in Deutschland nicht verhindern konnten. Auch die im Zeitraum 2002 bis 2004 geplanten Steigerungen der Personal- und Sachkosten, beispielsweise für verschärfte Kontrollen, um fast 50 Prozent auf dann schätzungsweise eine halbe Milliarde Euro dürften daran wenig ändern. Die Bekämpfung der irregulären Aktivitäten muss vielmehr an deren Ursachen ansetzen. Empirische Ergebnisse einer Ursachenanalyse zeigen, dass die Hauptgründe für die zunehmende Schattenwirtschaft in der Steuer- und Abgabenbelastung, den Arbeitsmarktregulierungen sowie in der Qualität der staatlichen Institutionen und der Verwaltung zu sehen sind. Diese können etwa 70 Prozent der Größenunterschiede zwischen den Schattenwirtschaften in den hier betrachteten 21 OECD-Ländern erklären.

Suggested Citation

  • Enste, Dominik, 2003. "Ursachen der Schattenwirtschaft in den OECD-Staaten," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 30(4), pages 15-25.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156851
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.03-04-02
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    1. Enste, Dominik H., 2002. "Schattenwirtschaft und institutioneller Wandel," Untersuchungen zur Ordnungstheorie und Ordnungspolitik, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen;Walter Eucken Institut, Freiburg, Germany, edition 1, volume 44, number urn:isbn:9783161477393, September.
    2. Dominik H. Enste & Friedrich Schneider, 2000. "Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 77-114, March.
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    1. Enste, Dominik, 2004. "Schattenwirtschaft und Korruption in Mittel- und Osteuropa," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 31(1), pages 68-73.

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