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Tax credits, insurance, and the use of medical care

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  • Michael Smart
  • Mark Stabile

Abstract

. The personal income tax systems in Canada, the United States, and elsewhere permit deductions or tax credits for out‐of‐pocket health care expenditures and private medical insurance premiums. Little is known about the effects of such tax measures on individual behaviour, in contrast to the extensive research on the tax exemption for employer‐provided health insurance. In this paper, we exploit variation in the after‐tax cost of health expenditures under the tax law to estimate the tax price elasticity of demand for prescription drugs, health insurance, and other eligible expenditures. We find evidence of moderate to large tax price elasticities, compared with traditional point‐of‐service price elasticity estimates – despite the apparent differences in the way tax subsidies are experienced by consumers. In contrast, we find no evidence the tax subsidy affects demand for health insurance on the intensive margin, which we show is consistent with the theory of optimal self‐insurance. We discuss the implications of our results for recent proposals to reform public and private health insurance systems. JEL classification: I1, H2 Crédits d’impôt, assurance et l’utilisation des soins médicaux. Les systèmes d’impôt sur le revenu des particuliers au Canada, aux Etats‐Unis et ailleurs permettent des déductions ou crédits d’impôt pour les dépenses directes en soins de santé assumées par les particuliers ou pour les primes d’assurance privée. On connaît mal les effets de ces mesures fiscales sur le comportement des personnes par comparaison avec les résultats extensifs de la recherche sur les effets des exemptions fiscales pour l’assurance santé fournie par les employeurs. Dans ce texte, on utilise la variation dans le fardeau des dépenses pour la santé après impôt selon les diverses juridictions pour évaluer l’élasticité de la demande de médicaments d’ordonnance, de l’assurance santé, et d’autres dépenses éligibles en réponse à des différences de prix fiscaux. On découvre que l’ordre de grandeur des élasticité se situe entre modérée et grande quand on les compare aux évaluations des élasticités traditionnelles de la demande aux points de service par rapport aux prix – et ce malgré les différences apparentes dans les expériences de ces subventions fiscales pour les consommateurs. D’autre part, on ne trouve pas de support pour l’hypothèse que les subventions fiscales affectent la demande d’assurance santéà la marge intensive – ce qui concorde bien avec ce que nous enseigne la théorie de l’auto‐assurance optimale. On discute les implications de ces résultats pour certaines réformes récentes proposées aux systèmes d’assurance santé privés et publics.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Smart & Mark Stabile, 2005. "Tax credits, insurance, and the use of medical care," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 345-365, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:38:y:2005:i:2:p:345-365
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0008-4085.2005.00283.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Cinzia Di Novi & Anna Marenzi & Dino Rizzi, 2018. "Do healthcare tax credits help poor-health individuals on low incomes?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(2), pages 293-307, March.
    2. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/3ihldo33ik9ee94procjtfki5f is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Mark Stabile & Sarah Thomson, 2014. "The Changing Role of Government in Financing Health Care: An International Perspective," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 52(2), pages 480-518, June.
    4. Guo, Elaine Xiaoyu & Sweetman, Arthur & Guindon, G. Emmanuel, 2020. "Socioeconomic differences in prescription drug supplemental coverage in Canada: A repeated cross-sectional study," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(3), pages 252-260.
    5. Menezes-Filho, Naercio & Politi, Ricardo, 2020. "Estimating the causal effects of private health insurance in Brazil: Evidence from a regression kink design," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

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