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Hot Markets, Investor Sentiment, and IPO Pricing

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Author Info
Alexander Ljungqvist (New York University and Centre for Economic Policy Research)
Vikram Nanda (University of Michigan)
Rajdeep Singh (University of Minnesota)

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Abstract

We model an IPO company's optimal response to the presence of sentiment investors. "Regular" investors are allocated stock that they subsequently sell to sentiment investors. Because sentiment demand may disappear prematurely, carrying IPO stock in inventory is risky, so for regulars to break even the stock must be underpriced. The issuer still gains as the offer price capitalizes part of the regulars' expected trading gain. This resolves the empirical puzzle that issuers do not appear to price their stock aggressively in hot markets. The model generates new refutable predictions regarding the extent of long-run underperformance, offer size, flipping, and lockups.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by University of Chicago Press in its journal Journal of Business.

Volume (Year): 79 (2006)
Issue (Month): 4 (July)
Pages: 1667-1702
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Handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:79:y:2006:i:4:p:1667-1702

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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    Other versions:
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  6. Ljungqvist, Alexander P & Wilhelm Jr, William J, 2001. "IPO Allocations: Discriminatory or Discretionary?," CEPR Discussion Papers 2855, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Qiao, Yongyuan, 2008. "Analysis into IPO underpricing and clustering in Hong Kong equity market," MPRA Paper 7876, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Jean Helwege & Nellie Liang, 2003. "Initial public offerings in hot and cold markets," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2003-04, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  3. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-François L'Her & Stephan Smith & Jean-Marc Suret, 2007. "Risk, Timing and Overoptimism in Private Placements and Public Offerings," CIRANO Working Papers 2007s-27, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  4. Michael Stolpe, 2004. "Non-Market Interaction in Primary Equity Markets: Evidence from France and Germany," Kiel Working Papers 1211, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. [Downloadable!]
  5. Silvia Rossetto, 2008. "The price of rapid exit in venture capital-backed IPOs," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 29-53, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Vicente Pons-Sanz, 2005. "Who benefits from IPO underpricing? Evidence form hybrid bookbuilding offerings," Working Paper Series 428, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  7. Ljungqvist, Alexander & Boehmer, Ekkehart, 2004. "On the decision to go public : Evidence from privately-held firms," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2004,16, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  8. Matt Pritsker, 2005. "A Fully-Rational Liquidity-Based Theory of IPO Underpricing and Underperformance," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 414, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
  9. Richard J. Rosen, 2004. "Merger momentum and investor sentiment: the stock market reaction to merger announcements," Working Paper Series WP-04-07, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. [Downloadable!]
  10. Matthew Pritsker, 2006. "A fully-rational liquidity-based theory of IPO underpricing and underperformance," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2006-12, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  11. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2007. "Investor Sentiment in the Stock Market," NBER Working Papers 13189, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  12. Maria Borges, 2007. "Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: The Case of Portugal," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 65-80, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Xiaoqiong Cai & Guy Liu & Bryan Mase, 2008. "The long-run performance of initial public offerings and its determinants: the case of China," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 419-432, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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