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Energy use in large-scale irrigated agriculture in the Punjab province of Pakistan

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  • Afreen Siddiqi
  • James L. Wescoat

Abstract

Pakistan's Indus Basin irrigation system, conceived initially as a vast network of gravity-fed canals, has evolved into a quasi-conjunctive management system in which pumped groundwater increasingly augments surface water supplies. Analysis of the evolution of on-farm energy use for agriculture in Punjab Province over the last 15 years finds that while total crop production increased 31%, direct energy intensity for agriculture increased 80%. Moreover, direct energy use is chiefly driven by groundwater pumping (61%). Important knowledge gaps are identified in the critical water-energy-food interdependencies that need to be addressed for sustainable management of scarce natural resources in Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Afreen Siddiqi & James L. Wescoat, 2013. "Energy use in large-scale irrigated agriculture in the Punjab province of Pakistan," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 571-586, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rwinxx:v:38:y:2013:i:5:p:571-586
    DOI: 10.1080/02508060.2013.828671
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rehana Siddiqui & Hafiz Hanzla Jalil & Muhammad Nasir & Wasim Shahid Malik & Mahmood Khalid, 2008. "The Cost of Unserved Energy: Evidence from Selected Industrial Cities of Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 47(3), pages 227-246.
    2. Qureshi, A. S. & Shah, T. & Akhtar, M, 2003. "The groundwater economy of Pakistan," IWMI Working Papers H033572, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Ahmad, M. & Kutcher, G.P., 1992. "Irrigation Planning with Environmental Considerations. A Case Study of Pakistan's Indus Basin," Papers 166, World Bank - Technical Papers.
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    1. Hadia Majid, 2022. "Drought, Farm Output and Heterogeneity: Evidence from Pakistan," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 17(1), pages 32-56, April.
    2. Afreen Siddiqi & Farah Ereiqat & Laura Diaz Anadon, 2016. "Formulating Expectations for Future Water Availability through Infrastructure Development Decisions in Arid Regions," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(2), pages 101-110, March.
    3. Hassan, Wasim & Manzoor, Talha & Jaleel, Hassan & Muhammad, Abubakr, 2021. "Demand-based water allocation in irrigation systems using mechanism design: A case study from Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    4. Usmani, Sabah & Siddiqi, Afreen & Wescoat, James L., 2021. "Energy generation in the canal irrigation network in India: Integrated spatial planning framework on the Upper Ganga Canal corridor," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    5. Kirby, Mac & Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din & Mainuddin, Mohammed & Khaliq, Tasneem & Cheema, M.J.M., 2017. "Agricultural production, water use and food availability in Pakistan: Historical trends, and projections to 2050," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 34-46.
    6. Faakhar Raza & Muhammad Tamoor & Sajjad Miran & Waseem Arif & Tayybah Kiren & Waseem Amjad & Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain & Gwi-Hyun Lee, 2022. "The Socio-Economic Impact of Using Photovoltaic (PV) Energy for High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Ahmad Hamidov & Katharina Helming, 2020. "Sustainability Considerations in Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-20, August.
    8. Claudia Ringler & Dirk Willenbockel & Nicostrato Perez & Mark Rosegrant & Tingju Zhu & Nathanial Matthews, 2016. "Global linkages among energy, food and water: an economic assessment," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 6(1), pages 161-171, March.
    9. Sabrina Kirschke & Lulu Zhang & Kristin Meyer, 2018. "Decoding the Wickedness of Resource Nexus Problems—Examples from Water-Soil Nexus Problems in China," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-15, October.
    10. Ali, Akhter & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Imtiaz, Muhammad, 2019. "Effects of Pakistan's energy crisis on farm households," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Judy P. Che-Castaldo & Rémi Cousin & Stefani Daryanto & Grace Deng & Mei-Ling E. Feng & Rajesh K. Gupta & Dezhi Hong & Ryan M. McGranaghan & Olukunle O. Owolabi & Tianyi Qu & Wei Ren & Toryn L. J. Sch, 2021. "Critical Risk Indicators (CRIs) for the electric power grid: a survey and discussion of interconnected effects," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 594-615, December.

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