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Future of Work and Emerging Challenges to the Capabilities of the Indian Workforce

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  • Narasimha D. Reddy

    (University of Hyderabad)

Abstract

In recent years, there have been unprecedented changes in technologies driven by automation, robotics and artificial intelligence, the fusion of which is referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (I-4) with a potential to change the future of work. One of the worldwide concerns is on the employment effects of I-4. There are two scenarios—one called as “automation anxiety” that focuses on labour substitution effects and the other which is “optimistic” of technological complementarity of creating new jobs. Either way, what is certain is that the nature of the future of work will not be the same as it is in the present, and the future workforce needs agile capabilities. The preparation for such a challenge begins with the foundational school education. This paper, after a brief overview of the debate on the impact of I-4 on employment, turns to the issue of the preparedness in India in terms of the foundational education at the school level. Based on the evidence, it documents the deep learning crisis in school education in India and argues for strengthening foundation-level school education through an increase in public investment and public provision that would ensure better capabilities in an equitable way.

Suggested Citation

  • Narasimha D. Reddy, 2020. "Future of Work and Emerging Challenges to the Capabilities of the Indian Workforce," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 63(2), pages 199-224, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijlaec:v:63:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s41027-020-00227-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00227-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sudipto Mundle, 2017. "Employment, Education and the State," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 60(1), pages 17-31, March.
    2. Diane Coyle, 2017. "Precarious and Productive Work in the Digital Economy," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 240(1), pages 5-14, May.
    3. Ernst Ekkehardt & Merola Rossana & Samaan Daniel, 2019. "Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Implications for the Future of Work," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-35, June.
    4. Iyanatul Islam, 2019. "Growth, New Technology and the Future of Work: International Evidence and Implications for India," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 62(1), pages 31-53, March.
    5. World Bank, 2019. "World Development Report 2019 [Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2019]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 30435, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Krzysztof Ejsmont, 2021. "The Impact of Industry 4.0 on Employees—Insights from Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-31, March.

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