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Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant

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  • Monika Anna Wesołowska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i przeanalizowanie wybranych czynników nierówności dochodowych związanych z rynkiem pracy, sytuacją społeczno-ekonomiczną, systemem podatkowym, globalizacją, wolnością oraz finansjalizacją w krajach postsocjalistycznych z obszaru Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i Azji Centralnej w latach 1991–2019. W okresie transformacji gospodarczej nierówności dochodowe znacznie wzrosły na początku lat 90. XX w. Początkowy, gwałtowny wzrost współczynnika Giniego był częściowo oczekiwany ze względu na liczne zmiany instytucjonalne, wynikające z odejścia od systemu komunistycznego, ideologicznie utrzymującego nierówności na niskim poziomie, jednak w dłuższej perspektywie pogłębienie się rozwarstwienia dochodowego zależało od wypracowanego przez nowo powstałe instytucje podejścia, czynników zewnętrznych i samych warunków wstępnych transformacji. Jako metody badawcze wykorzystano analizę skupień metodą Warda, regresję przekrojową i panelową, analizę statystyczną oraz drzewo regresyjne z algorytmem CART. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na występowanie kilku dominujących tendencji rozwojowych nierówności dochodowych na badanym obszarze i powiązanie warunków wstępnych transformacji gospodarczej z dalszym rozwojem współczynnika Giniego. Badanie pozwoliło również wyodrębnić najistotniejsze determinanty oraz przeanalizować zależności ich współwystępowania.

Suggested Citation

  • Monika Anna Wesołowska, 2024. "Nierówności dochodowe w krajach postsocjalistycznych – analiza wybranych determinant," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 73-90.
    • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2024:i:1:p:73-90
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    nierówności dochodowe; państwa postsocjalistyczne;

    JEL classification:

    • C10 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - General
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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