IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sgh/gosnar/y2014i3p35-62.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tax expenditures jako ukryta forma wydatków publicznych

Author

Listed:
  • Ryta I. Dziemianowicz
  • Adam Wyszkowski
  • Renata Budlewska

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty tax expenditures jako wydatków zaliczanych do tzw. off-budget expenditures oraz pokazanie konsekwencji budżetowych ich stosowania w Polsce. Realizacja tak sformułowanego celu wymagała przeprowadzenia porównań z zakresu teoretycznych koncepcji tax expenditures oraz praktycznych rozwiązań stosowanych przez poszczególne państwa. Przedmiotowa kategoria jako element prawnej konstrukcji podatku, zaliczana jest do grupy preferencji podatkowych. Służy, przez zmniejszenie lub całkowite ograniczenie zobowiązania podatkowego, realizacji określonych celów polityki podatkowej i jest często, ze względu na możliwość ukrycia i pominięcia w procedurze budżetowej, wykorzystywana przez polityków. Skupienie uwagi na tym aspekcie podatku jest szczególnie istotne w obecnej sytuacji budżetowej, kiedy duża grupa państw, w tym także Polska, boryka się z nierównowagą finansów publicznych i wzrastającym zadłużeniem. Ogólną wartość TEs w Polsce w 2011 r. oszacowano na poziomie 24,5 mld USD. Gdy porówna się tę kwotę do deficytu sektora finansów publicznych, wynoszącego w 2011 r. 19,0 mld USD, wyraźnie widać skalę wydatków realizowanych poza procedurą budżetową. W latach 2009–2011 udział TEs w wydatkach publicznych ogółem kształtował się w przedziale od 16,65 do 19,23%, a utratę dochodów budżetowych w wyniku ich zastosowania oszacowano na poziomie od 27,7 do 29,6% dochodów z podatków państwowych. Ta nie zawsze jawna część wydatków publicznych niestety wymyka się spod kontroli i skutecznie ogranicza możliwość prowadzenia odpowiedzialnej polityki fiskalnej.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryta I. Dziemianowicz & Adam Wyszkowski & Renata Budlewska, 2014. "Tax expenditures jako ukryta forma wydatków publicznych," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 35-62.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2014:i:3:p:35-62
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.journalssystem.com/gna/pdf-100876-33048
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leonard E. Burman & Marvin Phaup, 2011. "Tax Expenditures, the Size and Efficiency of Government, and Implications for Budget Reform," NBER Working Papers 17268, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Blank, Rebecca M., 2002. "Can equity and efficiency complement each other?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 451-468, September.
    3. Saez, Emmanuel, 2004. "The optimal treatment of tax expenditures," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 2657-2684, December.
    4. Dirk-Jan Kraan, 2006. "Off-budget and Tax Expenditures," OECD Journal on Budgeting, OECD Publishing, vol. 4(1), pages 121-142.
    5. Adam Wyszkowski, 2010. "Koncepcja tax expenditures w systemie podatkowym," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 9, pages 65-82.
    6. Burman, Leonard E., 2003. "Is the Tax Expenditure Concept Still Relevant?," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 56(3), pages 613-627, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sygut Edyta, 2018. "Tax Exemptions in Excise Duty in the Context of Fiscal Efficiency," Financial Internet Quarterly (formerly e-Finanse), Sciendo, vol. 14(2), pages 47-57, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pawel Galinski, 2014. "Significance of Tax Expenditures for Budgets of Local Governments: the Case of Poland," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 56-70, October.
    2. Peter G. Backus & Nicky L. Grant, 2019. "How sensitive is the average taxpayer to changes in the tax-price of giving?," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 26(2), pages 317-356, April.
    3. Sabrina Auci & Laura Castellucci & Manuela Coromaldi, 2021. "How does public spending affect technical efficiency? Some evidence from 15 European countries," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(1), pages 108-130, January.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6o65lgig8d0qcro9oj599gl90 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. James Alm & Daniel Teles, 2018. "State and federal tax policy toward nonprofit organizations," Chapters, in: Bruce A. Seaman & Dennis R. Young (ed.), Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management, chapter 19, pages 370-385, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Almunia, Miguel & Guceri, Irem & Lockwood, Ben & Scharf, Kimberley, 2020. "More giving or more givers? The effects of tax incentives on charitable donations in the UK," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    7. Doerrenberg, Philipp & Peichl, Andreas & Siegloch, Sebastian, 2017. "The elasticity of taxable income in the presence of deduction possibilities," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 41-55.
    8. William B. P. Robson & Alexandre Laurin, 2017. "Hidden Spending: The Fiscal Impact of Federal Tax Concessions," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 469, February.
    9. Asatryan, Zareh & Joulfaian, David, 2022. "Taxes and Business Philanthropy in Armenia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 914-930.
    10. Fack, Gabrielle & Landais, Camille, 2016. "The effect of tax enforcement on tax elasticities: Evidence from charitable contributions in France," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 23-40.
    11. Cinzia Di Novi & Anna Marenzi & Dino Rizzi, 2018. "Do healthcare tax credits help poor-health individuals on low incomes?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 19(2), pages 293-307, March.
    12. Matt Guardino & Suzanne Mettler, 2020. "Revealing the “Hidden welfare state†: How policy information influences public attitudes about tax expenditures," Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, Center for Experimental and Behavioral Public Administration, vol. 3(1).
    13. Berkeley Hill & Carmel Cahill, 2007. "Taxation of European Farmers La fiscalité des agriculteurs européens Die Besteuerung der Landwirte in Europa," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 6(1), pages 44-49, April.
    14. Alfonso Arpaia & Gilles Mourre, 2012. "Institutions And Performance In European Labour Markets: Taking A Fresh Look At Evidence," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 1-41, February.
    15. Altshuler, Rosanne & Dietz, Robert, 2011. "Reconsidering Tax Expenditure Estimation," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 64(2), pages 459-489, June.
    16. Aronsson, Thomas & Johansson-Stenman, Olof & Wendner, Ronald, 2019. "Charity, Status, and Optimal Taxation: Welfarist and Paternalist Approaches," Umeå Economic Studies 959, Umeå University, Department of Economics.
    17. Minghui Zhang & Weiqi Xia, 2022. "Research on the Law of China’s Rural Land Institutional Changes: An Analytical Framework of Economic Efficiency and Distributive Equity," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Doerrenberg, Philipp & Peichl, Andreas & Siegloch, Sebastian, 2014. "Sufficient Statistic or Not? The Elasticity of Taxable Income in the Presence of Deduction Possibilities," IZA Discussion Papers 8554, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Avram, Silvia, 2014. "The distributional effects of personal income tax expenditure," ISER Working Paper Series 2014-26, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    20. Bakija, Jon & Heim, Bradley T., 2011. "How Does Charitable Giving Respond to Incentives and Income? New Estimates From Panel Data," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 64(2), pages 615-650, June.
    21. Galina A. Kitova, 2014. "Taxation Of R&D: Review Of Practices," HSE Working papers WP BRP 28/STI/2014, National Research University Higher School of Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    preferencje podatkowe; tax expenditures; ulgi; zwolnienia podatkowe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E6 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H3 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
    • H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    • H6 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2014:i:3:p:35-62. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Grzegorz Konat (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/sgwawpl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.