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Численная Оценка Стоимости Жизни Человека В России И В Мире // Quantitative Assessment Of The Value Of Human Life In Russia And In The World

Author

Listed:
  • А. Zubets N.

    (Financial university)

  • А. Novikov V.

    (Financial university)

  • А. Зубец Н.

    (Финансовый университет)

  • А. Новиков В.

    (Финансовый университет)

Abstract

The authors of the article present modern approaches to the assessment of the value of human life abroad and in contemporary Russia, which can be used to determine the fair amount of compensation payments to victims in emergency situations of various natures. To this end, a wide range of initial data was used: the results of Russian and international sociological surveys, statistics of Rosstat, the World Bank, and other international databases. The analysis of the legislation carried out by the authors showed that the value of human life in Russia fixed in the normative acts is from 0.5 to 9.2 million roubles. The authors obtained estimates of material losses for the national economy due to the premature death of the average person as a result of emergency situations and for the individual household — they amount to 31.7 and 7.9–10.5 million roubles respectively (in 2017 prices). The authors also provided estimates of the value of the life of the average person in Russia, obtained on the basis of sociological surveys conducted in 2017. The average value of human life in Russia, obtained by methods of sociology, is 5.2 million roubles; the median value is 1.4 million roubles. The article presents the author’s method of assessing the value of human life, taking into account the material and moral damage caused to the family of the deceased, built on the balance of average life expectancy, per capita final consumption, and satisfaction of the population of different countries with their lives. As an equivalent of people’s satisfaction with their lives, the authors also used data on the level of domestic violence in society and the balance of migration flows, both at the national and regional levels. Within the framework of this method, the value of the life of the average person is the average increase in the level of individual consumption, necessary to restore a normal level of satisfaction with their lives in conditions of increased mortality and reduction of the average life expectancy. The article presents also the author’s calculations performed by this method for different groups of countries. It is shown that the total value of human life in the world as a whole is 4.6–4.7 million uS dollars in 2011 prices. In the group of countries with per capita consumption of more than 10 thousand uS dollars the value of human life reaches 18.5 million dollars per year. In the group of countries with incomes below this mark, the value of human life reaches 0.5–1.9 million dollars. According to the authors, in Russia, the “value” of human life should be 51–61 million roubles in the prices of 2017 (about 1 million uS dollars depending on the official exchange rate). The results of the study of the quantitative assessment of the value of human life in Russia are correlated with the conclusions about the social need for just compensation of the damage suffered by the families of the victims of natural, man-made and other emergencies. Приводятся современные подходы к оценке стоимости жизни человека за рубежом и в современной России, которые могут быть использованы для определения справедливого размера компенсационных выплат потерпевшим в чрезвычайных ситуациях различного характера. Привлечен широкий перечень исходных данных: результаты российских и международных социологических опросов, статистика Росстата, Всемирного банка и иных международных баз данных.Анализ законодательства показал, что закрепленная в нормативных актах стоимость жизни человека в России составляет от 0,5 до 9,2 млн руб. Получены оценки материальных потерь из-за преждевременной смерти среднестатистического человека в результате чрезвычайных ситуаций для национальной экономики и для отдельного домохозяйства — они составляют 31,7 и 7,9–10,5 млн руб. соответственно (в ценах 2017 г.). Приводятся оценки стоимости жизни среднестатистического человека в России, полученные на основании социологических опросов, проведенных в 2017 г. Оценка среднего значения стоимости жизни в России, полученная методами социологии, составляет 5,2 млн руб., медианное значение — 1,4 млн руб.Приводится авторская методика оценки стоимости человеческой жизни с учетом материального и морального ущерба, нанесенного семье погибшего, построенная на балансировании средней ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, душевого конечного потребления и удовлетворенности населения различных стран своей жизнью. В качестве эквивалента удовлетворенности людей своей жизнью также используются данные об уровне домашнего насилия в обществе и сальдо миграционных потоков — как на национальном, так и региональном уровне. В рамках данной методики стоимость жизни среднестатистического человека — это средняя прибавка в уровне индивидуального потребления, необходимая для восстановления нормального уровня удовлетворенности людей своей жизнью в условиях повышенной смертности и снижения средней ожидаемой продолжительности жизни.Приводятся расчеты, выполненные по данной методике для различных групп стран мира. Показано, что общая стоимость человеческой жизни в мире в целом составляет 4,6–4,7 млн долл. США в ценах 2011 г. В группе стран с душевым потреблением более 10 тыс. долл. в год стоимость жизни увеличивается до 18,5 млн долл. В группе стран с доходом ниже этой отметки стоимость жизни составляет 0,5–1,9 млн долл. США.По оценке авторов, в России стоимость человеческой жизни должна составлять 51–61 млн руб. в ценах 2017 г. (около 1 млн долл. США в зависимости от официального курса обмена валют).Полученные результаты исследования количественной оценки стоимости человеческой жизни в России соотносятся с выводами о социальной необходимости справедливого возмещения понесенного ущерба семьям погибших в результате чрезвычайных ситуаций природного, техногенного и иного характеров.

Suggested Citation

  • А. Zubets N. & А. Novikov V. & А. Зубец Н. & А. Новиков В., 2018. "Численная Оценка Стоимости Жизни Человека В России И В Мире // Quantitative Assessment Of The Value Of Human Life In Russia And In The World," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 22(4), pages 52-75.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2018:i:4:p:52-75
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    References listed on IDEAS

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