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Has Exposure to Poor Neighbourhoods Changed in America? Race, Risk and Housing Locations in Two Decades

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  • Xavier de Souza Briggs

    (Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 9-521, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA, xbriggs@mit.edu)

  • Benjamin J. Keys

    (Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, benkeys@umich.edu)

Abstract

While extreme concentrations of poor racial minorities, briefly `rediscovered' as a social problem by media in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, declined significantly in the 1990s, no research has determined whether the trend reduced exposure to poor neighbourhoods over time or changed racial gaps in exposure. Yet most hypotheses about the social and economic risks of distressed neighbourhoods hinge on such exposure. Using a geocoded, national longitudinal survey matched to three censuses, it is found that: housing mobility continued to be the most important mode of exit from poor tracts for both Whites and Blacks; reductions for Blacks were mainly in exposure to extremely poor neighbourhoods, where neighbourhood change had a huge impact; Blacks remained far more likely than Whites to endure long, uninterrupted exposure; and, racial gaps in the odds of falling back into a poor neighbourhood after exiting one—a major driver of exposure duration that Black renters dominate—widened in the 1990s.

Suggested Citation

  • Xavier de Souza Briggs & Benjamin J. Keys, 2009. "Has Exposure to Poor Neighbourhoods Changed in America? Race, Risk and Housing Locations in Two Decades," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(2), pages 429-458, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:46:y:2009:i:2:p:429-458
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098008099362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Andrew L. Hicks & Mark S. Handcock & Narayan Sastry & Anne R. Pebley, 2018. "Sequential Neighborhood Effects: The Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Concentrated Disadvantage on Children’s Reading and Math Test Scores," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(1), pages 1-31, February.
    2. Kleinepier, Tom & van Ham, Maarten, 2017. "Ethnic Differences in Duration and Timing of Exposure to Neighbourhood Disadvantage during Childhood," IZA Discussion Papers 10944, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Sako Musterd & George Galster & Roger Andersson, 2012. "Temporal Dimensions and Measurement of Neighbourhood Effects," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(3), pages 605-627, March.
    4. Glenn Firebaugh & Chad R. Farrell, 2016. "Still Large, but Narrowing: The Sizable Decline in Racial Neighborhood Inequality in Metropolitan America, 1980–2010," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(1), pages 139-164, February.
    5. Blumenberg, Evelyn & Pierce, Gregory, 2017. "Car access and long-term poverty exposure: Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 92-100.
    6. Lina Hedman & David Manley & Maarten van Ham & John Östh, 2015. "Cumulative exposure to disadvantage and the intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood effects," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 195-215.
    7. Maarten van Ham & David Manley, 2012. "Neighbourhood Effects Research at a Crossroads: Ten Challenges for Future Research," RatSWD Working Papers 204, German Data Forum (RatSWD).
    8. Yang Zhang, 2012. "Will Natural Disasters Accelerate Neighborhood Decline? A Discrete-Time Hazard Analysis of Residential Property Vacancy and Abandonment before and after Hurricane Andrew in Miami-Dade County (1991–2," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 39(6), pages 1084-1104, December.
    9. Izabela Grabowska, 2021. "Quality of Life in Poor Neighborhoods through the Lenses of the Capability Approach—A Case Study of a Deprived Area of Łódź City Centre," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, June.

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