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Magnesium and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

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  • Xinhua Qu
  • Fangchun Jin
  • Yongqiang Hao
  • Huiwu Li
  • Tingting Tang
  • Hao Wang
  • Weili Yan
  • Kerong Dai

Abstract

Background: Prospective studies that have examined the association between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events have reported conflicting findings. We undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations and the risk of total CVD events. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed systematic searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID up to February 1, 2012 without limits. Categorical, linear, and nonlinear, dose-response, heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta-regression analysis were performed. The analysis included 532,979 participants from 19 studies (11 studies on dietary magnesium intake, 6 studies on serum magnesium concentrations, and 2 studies on both) with 19,926 CVD events. The pooled relative risks of total CVD events for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary magnesium intake and serum magnesium concentrations were 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.92) and 0.77 (0.66 to 0.87), respectively. In linear dose-response analysis, only serum magnesium concentrations ranging from 1.44 to 1.8 mEq/L were significantly associated with total CVD events risk (0.91, 0.85 to 0.97) per 0.1 mEq/L (Pnonlinearity = 0.465). However, significant inverse associations emerged in nonlinear models for dietary magnesium intake (Pnonlinearity = 0.024). The greatest risk reduction occurred when intake increased from 150 to 400 mg/d. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions/Significance: There is a statistically significant nonlinear inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and total CVD events risk. Serum magnesium concentrations are linearly and inversely associated with the risk of total CVD events.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinhua Qu & Fangchun Jin & Yongqiang Hao & Huiwu Li & Tingting Tang & Hao Wang & Weili Yan & Kerong Dai, 2013. "Magnesium and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-13, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0057720
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057720
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicola Orsini & Rino Bellocco & Sander Greenland, 2006. "Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose–response data," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 6(1), pages 40-57, March.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    1. María José Martos-Méndez & Alba García-Cid & Luis Gómez-Jacinto & Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta, 2020. "Perceived Discrimination, Psychological Distress and Cardiovascular Risk in Migrants in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Caitríona Murphy & Jennifer Byrne & Jennifer B. Keogh & Michelle L. Headland & Peter M. Clifton, 2021. "The Acute Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomized Cross-Over Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-9, May.

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