IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/onb/oenbfi/y2011i4b1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Nonperforming Loans in CESEE – What Do They Comprise?

Author

Abstract

This study attempts to shed comparative light on nonperforming loans (NPLs) by analyzing the loan classification systems in ten Central, Eastern and Southeastern European (CESEE) countries, namely Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine. Comparing NPL data across countries is often found to be difficult. Three approaches are used to identify a loan as nonperforming. First, the most widely known NPL definition, which is based on the IMF Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) Compilation Guide, is simple and clear: “principal or interest 90 days or more overdue.” The IMF strives to present cross-country comparative time series of NPL and other prudential indicators on the FSI website. With respect to nonperforming loans, the FSI website as yet lacks comprehensive data coverage, and comparability is in fact restrained. Therefore, we propose to take stock of national definitions, for which more extensive time series of data are available. Second, national supervisors’ NPL definitions mostly relate to the commonly used credit quality categories proposed by the Institute of International Finance (IIF), whose weakest three categories (“substandard – doubtful – loss”) are typically identified as nonperforming loans. Third, NPL definitions of CESEE and other countries regularly refer to the existence of a “well-defined weakness” of the loan or the borrower in addition to some other factors. Based on these criteria, with priority given to the 90days+ rule, we arrive at an NPL threshold, which includes in some cases NPL bands. We hope this threshold is applicable in such a way that it enables meaningful cross-country comparisons. Finally, the study takes a rough comparative snapshot of the development of NPLs (based on the derived threshold) in the CESEE countries from 2005 to 2010.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephan Barisitz, 2011. "Nonperforming Loans in CESEE – What Do They Comprise?," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 4, pages 46-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbfi:y:2011:i:4:b:1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.oenb.at/dam/jcr:ba2e567b-97ab-4240-868c-419a226b9def/feei_2011_q4_studies_1_tcm16-241680.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Miss Rita Babihuga, 2007. "Macroeconomic and Financial Soundness Indicators: An Empirical Investigation," IMF Working Papers 2007/115, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Ms. Mwanza Nkusu, 2011. "Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies," IMF Working Papers 2011/161, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fidrmuc, Jarko & Klein, Caroline & Price, Robert & Wörgötter, Andreas, 2013. "Slovakia: A Catching Up Euro Area Member In and Out of the Crisis," IZA Policy Papers 55, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Erdinç, Didar & Abazi, Eda, 2014. "The Determinants of NPLs in Emerging Europe, 2000-2011," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 1(2), pages 112-125.
    2. Aleš Melecký & Martin Melecký & Monika Šulganová, 2015. "Úvěry v selhání a makroekonomika: modelování systémového kreditního rizika v České republice [Non-Performing Loans and The Macroeconomy: Modeling the Systemic Credit Risk in the Czech Republic]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(8), pages 921-947.
    3. Vasiliki Makri, 2015. "What Triggers Loan Losses? An Empirical Investigation of Greek Financial Sector," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 65(3-4), pages 119-143, july-Dece.
    4. Didar Erdinç & Andrey Gurov, 2016. "The Effect of Regulatory and Risk Management Advancement on Non-Performing Loans in European Banking, 2000–2011," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 22(3), pages 249-262, August.
    5. Chortareas, Georgios & Magkonis, Georgios & Zekente, Kalliopi-Maria, 2020. "Credit risk and the business cycle: What do we know?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    6. Vasiliki Makri, 2016. "Towards an Investigation of Credit Risk Determinants in Eurozone Countries," Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, vol. 15(1), pages 27-57, March.
    7. Florian Manz, 2019. "Determinants of non-performing loans: What do we know? A systematic review and avenues for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 69(4), pages 351-389, November.
    8. Ana Kristel Lapid & Rogelio Mercado & Peter Rosenkranz, 2023. "Concentration in Asia's cross‐border banking: Determinants and impacts," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 267-292, May.
    9. Albonico, Alice & Tirelli, Patrizio, 2020. "Financial crises and sudden stops: Was the European monetary union crisis different?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 13-26.
    10. Muhammad Waqas & Nudrat Fatima & Aryan Khan & Muhammad Arif, 2017. "Determinants of Non-performing Loans: A Comparative Study of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 6(1), pages 51-68, January.
    11. Juan-Francisco Martínez & Rodrigo Cifuentes & Juan Sebastián Becerra, 2017. "Pruebas de Tensión Bancaria del Banco Central de Chile: Actualización," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 801, Central Bank of Chile.
    12. Katarzyna Kubiszewska, 2018. "Interdependence of Ratios in Banking Stability Pentagon (Wspolzaleznosc wskaznikow w Pieciokacie Stabilnosci Bankowej)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(28), pages 65-79.
    13. Albulena Shala & Valentin Toçi & Arben Mustafa, 2022. "Macroeconomic, Structural, and Bank-specific Determinants of Non-performing Loans in Central and Eastern Europe," Journal of Economics / Ekonomicky casopis, Institute of Economic Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, vol. 70(5), pages 411-429, May.
    14. Matkovskyy, Roman & Bouraoui, Taoufik & Hammami, Helmi, 2016. "Analysing the financial strength of Tunisia: An approach to estimate an index of financial safety," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 485-493.
    15. Love, Inessa & Turk Ariss, Rima, 2014. "Macro-financial linkages in Egypt: A panel analysis of economic shocks and loan portfolio quality," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 158-181.
    16. Ismail Tijjani Idris & Sabri Nayan, 2016. "The Moderating Role of Loan Monitoring on the Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Non-performing Loans in Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(2), pages 402-408.
    17. Brei, Michael & Jacolin, Luc & Noah, Alphonse, 2020. "Credit risk and bank competition in Sub-Saharan Africa," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    18. Pallavi Chavan & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2016. "Bank lending and loan quality: the case of India," BIS Working Papers 595, Bank for International Settlements.
    19. Petr Jakubik & Eyup Kadioglu, 2022. "Factors affecting bank loan quality: a panel analysis of emerging markets," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 437-458, July.
    20. Tölö, Eero & Virén, Matti, 2021. "How much do non-performing loans hinder loan growth in Europe?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank lending; CESEE; credit quality; credit risk; financial soundness indicators; nonperforming loans;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:onb:oenbfi:y:2011:i:4:b:1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Elisabeth Beckmann (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/oenbbat.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.