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Forty Years of Change in Labour Supply and Demand by Skill Level – Technical Progress, Labour Costs and Social Change

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  • Dominique Goux
  • Éric Maurin

Abstract

[eng] In France, the proportion of unskilled non manual jobs is higher today than forty years ago, especially in personal service sectors. However, these unskilled jobs are only growing in occupations where employers enjoy significant reductions in social contributions and only in periods when these reductions are mplemented. Throughout the same period, the diffusion of new technologies systematically appears to be favourable to higher and intermediate level occupations. Technological change contributes less to a polarisation between higher level and lower level jobs than to the emergence of a society where intermediate level jobs take an increasingly central place. However, the joint rise in higher and intermediate level jobs is not strong enough to absorb the influx of high school and college graduates. An increasing number of graduates are forced to compete with less educated workers in lower level job positions. The result is both an increase in the occupational downgrading of graduates and the persistence of very high unemployment rates for non graduates.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Goux & Éric Maurin, 2019. "Forty Years of Change in Labour Supply and Demand by Skill Level – Technical Progress, Labour Costs and Social Change," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 510-511-5, pages 131-147.
  • Handle: RePEc:nse:ecosta:ecostat_2019_510t_10
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maarten Goos & Alan Manning & Anna Salomons, 2009. "Job Polarization in Europe," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 58-63, May.
    2. Maarten Goos & Alan Manning, 2007. "Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(1), pages 118-133, February.
    3. Clément Carbonnier & Nathalie Morel, 2018. "Le retour des domestiques," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01917314, HAL.
    4. Dominique Goux & Eric Maurin, 2012. "Les nouvelles classes moyennes," Post-Print halshs-00754910, HAL.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Oesch, 2022. "Contemporary Class Analysis," JRC Working Papers on Social Classes in the Digital Age 2022-01, Joint Research Centre.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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