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Árak és volumenek a posztszocialista egészségügyben
[Prices and volumes in the post-socialist health sector]

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  • Mihályi, Péter

Abstract

A tanulmány - közelmúltban publikált világbanki és OECD-adatok alapján - azt vizsgálja, miért olyan alacsony az egészségügyi ágazat relatív ár- és bérszintje a GDP átlagos árszintjéhez viszonyítva a posztszocialista országokban. Első megközelítésben a válasz az, hogy ez a viszonylagos alacsony árszint a szocialista tervgazdaság nehezen változtatható, de pozitív öröksége, mert ez tette és teszi lehetővé, hogy a lakosság viszonylagosan több egészségügyi szolgáltatáshoz jusson, mint amennyit az adott ország - GDP/főben mért - fejlettsége egy korlátozásmentes piacgazdaságban indokolna. Másfelől viszont a tanulmány kimutatja azt is, hogy a posztszocialista országokban az egészségre káros fogyasztási javak (szeszes italok, dohánytermékek és narkotikumok) relatív ára is igen alacsony. Ennek - például Magyarországon - az a következménye, hogy a GDP 4,3 százalékának megfelelő összeget költik ezekre a káros javakra, közel háromszor annyit, mint az amerikai polgárok (1,5 százalék). Ennél magasabb arány csak két balti országra, Lettországra (4,4 százalék) és Észtországra (4,5 százalék) jellemző. Alkoholra és dohánytermékekre Magyarországon fejenként és évente 639 dollárt költenek a GDP-ből, az egészségügyre fordított "hasznos" 1950 dollár egyharmadát, míg ez az arány Ausztriában egyötöd, az Egyesült Államokban egyheted. Vélelmezhetően ez az egyik fontos - és a szakirodalomban eddig még nem tárgyalt - oka annak, hogy a posztszocialista országok népegészségügyi mutatói roszszak, esetenként még romlanak is. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I100, I112, I118.

Suggested Citation

  • Mihályi, Péter, 2009. "Árak és volumenek a posztszocialista egészségügyben [Prices and volumes in the post-socialist health sector]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 585-608.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1107
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. World Bank, 2008. "Global Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures : 2005 International Comparison Program," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21558, December.
    2. Vincze, János & Koltay, Gábor, 2009. "Fogyasztói döntések a viselkedési közgazdaságtan szemszögéből [Consumer decisions from the angle of behavioural economics]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 495-525.
    3. Rie Fujisawa & Gaétan Lafortune, 2008. "The Remuneration of General Practitioners and Specialists in 14 OECD Countries: What are the Factors Influencing Variations across Countries?," OECD Health Working Papers 41, OECD Publishing.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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